Hitchler 


Cataloging  for  Small  Libraries 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

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[^merican  llibrar^  ^siflforiation  IBublisljtng  BoarD 

LIBRARY  HANDBOOK  No.  2 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL 
LIBRARIES 


BY 

THERESA  HITCHLER 

STJPKBINTENDEKT  OF  CATALOOINO  IN  THE  BHOOKLYN 

rUBI.IC  LIBRARY 


a«  il.  a.  )pubU0^tng  liBoarD 

78  EAST  WASHINGTON  STREET,  CHICAGO 

1909 


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http://www.archive.org/cletai1s/catalogingf6rsnia00hitciara 


Simnicm  ILibrar^  ^&&omtion  pubU^ljtng  Woztn 

LIBRARY  HANDBOOK  No.  2 

CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL 
LIBRARIES 


BY 

THERESA  HITCHLER 

SUPERINTENDENT  OF  CATALOGING  IN  THE  BBOOKLTN 
PUBLIC  LIBHARY 


a«  il*  a.  q^ubli^liing  BoarD 

78  EAST  WASHINGTON  STREET,  CHICAGO 

1909 


CONTENTS 

FABB 

Gekeral  Principles  .        .                o 

Pkactical  Application          ...  a 

Arrangement 27 

Practical  StraoESTiONs ,        ^  32 

Bibliography 35 

Bibliographical  and  Typoge/ phical  Terms  ...  39 

Sample  Cards      ...                 53 


>0 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL 
LIBRARIES 

By  THERESA  HITCHLER 

Superintendent  of  Cataloging  in  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library 

General  principles.     Let  me  enter  upon  my  subject 
by  saying  as  impressively  as  I  can  "  Do  not  make  a  fetish 
of  cataloging."     There  comes  a  time  in  the  experience  of 
almost  every  young  librarian  when  she  thinks  of  cataloging 
not  as  a  means  to  an  end,  but  as  something  of  the  utmost 
importance  in  itself.     This  Is  a  great  mistake.     Your  cata- 
log is  useful,  only  as  it  displays  the  resoui-ces  of  your  library ; 
therefore  be   practical  in   the   making   of   it.     Do   not  be 
tempted  from  the  straight  path  —  the  path  of  common  sense 
—  by  alluring  vistas  on  either  side.     Put  yourself  in  the 
position  of  the  reader  who  is  to  use  the  catalog,  and  you 
will  seldom  go  astray.     Shut  yourself  away  from  the  mad- 
ding crowd  of  library   borrowers,   and   catalog  merely  to 
-    please  yourself,  and  the  result  may  be  a  very  chef  d'ceuvre, 
3k   technically  perfect ;  but  not  a  good  working  tool,  the  tool 
X      that  is  to  help  both  you  and  your  public  to  make  use  of  the 
-J      full  resources  of  your  library.     This  central  thought  for  the 
\     cataloger,  namely,  the  ideal  of  making  a  perfect  tool,  I  shall 
develop  by  quoting  a  paper  I  prepared  some  years  ago  on 
the  "  Needs  of  a  small  library  "  :  — 

"  The  three  essentials  which  I  should  call  indispensable 
for  a  small  library  even  more  than  for  a  large  one  are,  first, 
an  interested  and  capable  governing  board  ;  second,  a  first- 
class  librarian  ;  and  third,  a  first-class  catalog.  As  a  rule 
the  first  insures  tlie  second,  and  the  second,  the  third. 

701012 


4  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

"  Even  the  best  librarian  does  not  know  and  cannot  re- 
member evei'ything,  hence  the  need  of  a  first-class  catalog. 
Any  librai'ian  may  have  some  specialist  come  in  temporarily 
and  compile  a  card  catalog  for  her,  but  only  a  good  librarian 
will  know  how  to  keep  it  up  and  will  have  the  desire  to  do 
so.  The  smaller  the  library,  the  more  complete  and  ana- 
lytic that  catalog  should  be.  All  the  resources  of  the  library, 
to  the  smallest  and  seemingly  most  trifling,  should  be  made 
available  for  the  public.  Every  book  should  be  analyzed  ; 
for  though  the  library  may  contain  but  a  chapter  on  a  cer- 
tain subject,  the  fact  should  be  made  evident.  In  short, 
the  less  material  you  have,  the  more  you  want  to  exploit 
that  little  and  make  every  bit  of  it  available  for  the  use 
of  your  public.  If,  as  in  a  large  library,  you  have  from  20 
to  100  and  more  entire  books  bearing  on  a  given  subject, 
you  can  afford  to  ignore  all  small  mention  of  that  subject 
which  may  be  found  incorporated  in  other  woi-ks.  A  great 
deal  has  been  said  about  a  good  librarian  being  better  than 
the  best  catalog.  That  is  not  so.  In  the  first  place,  the 
best  librarian,  though  she  may  have  a  marvelous,  never- 
yet-met-with-in-my-experience  memory,  cannot  know  or  re- 
member the  contents  of  every  work  in  the  library.  If  she 
is  asked  for  a  list  of  titles  on,  let  us  suppose,  William  Dean 
Howells,  will  she  be  able  to  say,  without  consulting  her 
catalog,  that  articles  about  him  may  be  found  in  Bolton's 
*  Famous  American  Authors,'  p.  258-285,  and  in  Rlde- 
ing's  '  Boyhood  of  Living  Authors,'  p.  14-85  respectively  ? 
If  she  is  asked  for  some  book  on  Constantinople,  and  her 
library  contains  nothing  but  the  mention  made  of  it  in 
Bayard  Taylor's  '  Lands  of  the  Saracen,'  p.  324-354,  will 
she  find  the  information  ready  on  the  tip  of  her  tongue  ; 
will  she  not  rather  be  apt  to  say,  'We  have  no  book  on 
that  subject,'  unless  her  catalog  is  such  as  will  supply  her 
with  that  fact  ? 

"  In  the  second  place,  the  librarian  is  not  always  in  the 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  5 

library  and  cannot  be  in  all  parts  of  it  at  the  same  time. 
In  the  third  place,  the  librai'ian  may  become  ill  or  even  die 
or  get  married  before  she  lias  had  time  to  pass  on  her  won- 
derful memory  to  her  assistant  or  her  successor. 

"  It  has  been  said  that  the  open  shelf  system  minimizes 
the  use  of  the  card  catalog  by  the  public.  Alas,  that  it 
should  be  so.  The  books  on  the  shelves  do  not  indicate  the 
resources  of  the  library  in  a  circulating  system.  Many 
books  come  in  only  to  go  out  again  almost  inmiediately, 
particularly  when  the  supply  is  inadequate.  The  devour- 
ing fiction  reader  is  not  tempted  away  from  his  favorite 
hunting  ground  as  of  yore.  The  librarian,  however,  can 
and  should  always  make  the  best  possible  use  of  her  cat- 
alog, and  so  help  and  influence  her  constituency.  The 
entries  on  the  catalog  cards  should  be  full  enough  to  be  clear 
without  being  too  long.  All  imprint,  with  the  exception  of 
the  number  of  volumes,  the  publisher  and  date  of  publica- 
tion, and,  in  some  cases  perhaps,  information  regarding 
illustrations,  portraits,  or  maps,  may  be  dispensed  with. 
(In  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  we  now  supply  even  less 
than  this  on  the  cards  and  find  that  they  meet  every  require- 
ment of  the  borrowers  in  our  various  branches.)  Too  much 
information  is  apt  to  confuse  the  public.  Subject  entries 
should  be  carefully  thought  out  and  made,  with  cross  refer- 
ences, whenever  there  is  the  least  indication  of  their  useful- 
ness. 

"  It  will  be  found  of  the  greatest  possible  benefit  to  the 
library  if  from  the  very  beginning  the  fiction  is  annotated, 
shortly  and  concisely,  and  the  necessary  subject  cards  made. 
Many  people  (women  in  particular)  prefer  to  read  history 
in  novel  form ;  and  it  is  certainly  better  that  they  should 
rend  it  thus  than  that  they  should  not  read  it  at  all.  The 
subject  headings  in  such  cases  should  be  followed  by  the 
words  in  fiction  in  parentheses ;  e.g.  United  States.  His- 
tory.    Civil  war  (in  fiction). 


6  CATALOGING  FOB  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

*'  The  books  of  every  library,  no  matter  how  small  it  may 
be,  should  be  classified,  preferably  according  to  some  well- 
known  system,  like  the  Dewey  Decimal  classification,  for 
exaihple.  It  always  saves  time,  confusion,  and  money  in 
the  long  run,  if  a  library  is  started  on  a  proper  ba-sis.  You 
may  think  you  can  do  without  this  and  that  until  some 
future  time,  but  you  will  find  that  it  pays  in  the  end  to  get 
and  to  do  the  needful  things  in  the  very  beginning.  The 
time  comes  but  too  quickly  when  an  imperfect,  makeshift 
system  overpowers  you.  Do  not  postpone  too  freely  and 
too  readily." 

Now  in  making  your  catalog  you  should  make  it  answer 
clearly  and  concisely  the  following  questions,  or  it  will  not 
avail  you  to  have  one  : 

1  What  books  does  the  library  possess  by  a  certain 
author?  e.g.  What  have  you  in  the  library  by  Hamilton 
W.  Mabie? 

2  Does  it  contain  a  book  with  a  certain  title  f  e.g.  Have 
you  "  Footing  it  in  Franconia  "  ? 

3  Wliat  books  have  you  on  a  certain  stibject?  e.g. 
What  have  you  in  the  library  on  pyrography,  wireless  tele- 
graphy, the  breeding  of  Belgian  hares,  and  so  on  ? 

Your  catalog  must  tell  also  where  the  books  which  these 
questions  indicate  are  to  be  found,  when  in  their  proper 
places  on  the  shelves.  Your  accession  book  is  merely  a 
numerical  record  of  your  collection.  Your  shelf  list,  if  you 
have  one,  is  classed  in  form  (that  is,  arranged  numerically 
according  to  the  Class  number,  and  alphabetically  by  author 
in  each  class).  These  will  not  give  you  the  complete  infor- 
mation afforded  by  the  catalog.  Nor  can  you  use  the  shelf 
list  as  conveniently  and  quickly ;  for,  unless  you  are  thor- 
oughly familiar  with  the  classification  of  each  book,  you  will 
not  readily  find  the  one  you  seek  in  the  shelf  list. 

The  catalog,  then,  compiled  to  convey  fully  such  items  of 
information  as  I  have  just  enumerated,  becomes  a  most 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  7 

useful  tool,  not  only  satisfying  to  the  public,  but  saving  of 
the  health  and  strength  and  time  of  the  librarian. 

If  you  cannot  afford  the  time  or  the  money  to  have  a 
complete  dictionary  catalog,  at  least  have  an  author  and 
title  catalog,  and  make  use  of  the  shelf  list  as  a  partial 
subject  catalog.  I  say  a  partial  subject  catalog,  because 
the  shelf  list,  while  it  will  guide  you  to  the  books  in  the 
various  classes,  will  not  assist  you  to  separate  articles  or 
chapters  bearing  on  a  given  subject,  so  that  you  can  answer 
fully  such  questions  as  "  Give  me  something  on  Dutch  cos- 
tumes," or  "  something  about  Hallowe'en,"  or  "  Have  you 
anything  about  coffee  houses  in  your  library,"  or  a  work 
about  raffia,  or  about  national  flowers,  about  Scotch  plaids, 
etc? 

Whether  your  catalog  be  simple  or  complex,  showing 
practical  common  sense  or  merely  a  desire  to  be  considered 
erudite,  be  co/isistent.  Use  always  the  same  set  code  of 
rules,  which  you  may  select  for  your  purpose ;  make  your 
entries  uniform  and  have  a  pi'actical  reason  for  all  you  do. 
Think  of  your  successor,  who  will  bless  you  (or  the  reverse) 
as  she  finds  the  work  methodically  done  or  done  according 
to  a  different  rule  or  idea  each  day.  If  you  decide  one  day 
to  put  all  books  on  tacks  under  Tacks,  do  not  put  the  next 
addition  on  that  subject  under  Nails.  Take  the  Library 
School  rules  —  or  others,  should  you  prefer  them  —  decide 
which  rules  you  wish  to  adopt,  annotate  your  copy  of  the 
rules  fully,  indicating  where  you  would  omit,  where  you 
would  change  and  where  you  would  make  additions.  If 
possible,  get  a  paper-covered  copy  of  the  rules,  send  it  to 
your  binder,  and  have  it  interleaved  and  bound ;  this  will 
give  you  one  blank  page  for  each  printed  one,  on  which  to 
note  your  additions,  alterations  and  notes. 

In  carrying  out  the  rules  thus  decided  upon,  consider 
carefully  beforehand  what  cards  you  will  make  and  what 
forms  you  will  use ;  put  yourself  in  the  position  first,  of  the 


8  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

ignorant  borrower  (ignorant  in  so  far  as  the  use  of  a  catalog 
is  concerned)  who  knows  in  many  cases  only  that  he  wants 
a  certain  book  but  who  does  not  always  know  how  to  look 
for  it,  and  secondly,  of  the  intelligent  cataloger  or  librarian, 
familiar  with  her  books  and  her  tools,  acquainted  with  the 
various  technical  terms  used  in  her  profession  and  thor- 
oughly conversant  with  her  own  particular  collection  of 
books  and  her  catalogs  at  least.  If  you  are  librarian  and 
cataloger  in  one  (and  I  know  that  this  is  the  case  in 
most  small  libraries  and  even  in  medium-sized  ones,  where 
whatever  assistants  there  are,  are  usually  raw  material),  you 
will  not  receive  your  books  from  the  hand  of  an  expert, 
with  all  entries  to  be  made  carefully  indicated  either  on  the 
title-page  or  its  verso ;  you  will  be  obliged  to  think  and 
judge  for  yourselves,  clearly  and  rapidly,  and  determine 
the  number  and  kind  of  cards  you  will  make  for  each  book. 
It  does  not  follow  that  the  greater  the  number  of  cards  you 
make,  the  more  creditable  your  work  will  be.  Unless  each 
one  of  these  cards  is  needed,  is  useful,  your  judgment  has 
been  at  fault.  Observe  carefully  the  "  ignorant  "  borrower; 
from  him  you  may  gain  much  if  yo".  will  but  make  careful 
note  of  what  he  asks  for  and  how  his  mind  works  in  regard 
to  the  entries  he  seeks.  Be  open  to  suggestions  from  any- 
body and  everybody,  culling  the  best. 

In  short,  in  all  this  work  call  to  your  aid  all  the  common 
sense  you  possess,  and  you  will  not  go  far  astray.  And 
while  you  are  to  adopt  the  motto  "  Be  consistent "  as  your 
guide,  read  beneath  it  "  Use  your  common  sense."  For  you 
must  not  be  consistent  to  an  exasperating  degree.  I  read 
iomewhere  not  long  ago  "  Consistency  thou  art  a  mule," 
instead  of  a  "  jewel "  ;  and  I  fear  that  is  sometimes  true. 

Practical  application.  Up  to  this  point,  I  have  been 
laying  down  general  principles  upon  which  you  are  to  work. 
Lack  of  cataloging  principles  in  a  librarian  is  as  danger- 
ous to  a  library  as  lack  of  moral  principles  in  an  individual 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  9 

is  to  society.  Unless  you  become  imbued  with  these  gen- 
eral principles,  you  can  make  but  small  headway  in  their 
application  as  set  forth  in  the  remarks  which  follow.  I  have 
been  considering,  in  other  words,  what  we  want  to  do  and 
now  I  proceed  to  the  subject  of  how  to  do  it.  I  shall  begin 
by  outlining  what  cards  are  needed  in  forming  a  simple 
catalog  and  shall  then  take  up  the  various  types  point  by 
point.  Each  book  requires  on  an  average  from  three  to 
five  cards.  All  cards  are  named  from  the  entry  on  the 
upper  line,  and  fall  into  three  main  classes : 

1  The  Main  or  Author  entry.  (See  Sample  cards,  3,  5, 
7,  10,  13,  18,  21,  24,  26,  28,  31,  36,  39,  43,  51,  56,  61,  68. 
79.) 

2  The  Subject  entry.  (See  Sample  cards,  8.  9,  11.  14, 
15,  27,  29,  32,  33,  40,  54,  57,  59,  63,  69,  72,  74,  76,  84.) 

3  The  Title  entry.  (See  Sample  cards,  4,  6,  12,  16,  19, 
22,  34,  35,  37,  44,  52,  55,  70,  80,  81.) 

The  author,  or,  more  properly  speaking,  the  main  card, 
may  be  any  one  of  a  number  of  types : 

1  The  Simple  author  entry  under  one  or  more  authors. 
(See  Sample  cards,  3,  5,  21,  36,  39,  43,  51,  56,  61,  68,  79.) 

2  The  Compiler  or  Editor  author  entry.  (See  Sample 
card,  10.) 

3  The  Pseudonymous  entry,  under  a  nom  de  plume  or 
assumed  name.     (See  Sample  cards,  13,  18.) 

4  The  Anonymous  title  entry,  under  title  when  the  author 
of  .1  work  is  not  known  at  the  time  of  cataloging.  (See 
Sample  card,  24.) 

5  Tlie  Periodical  entry.     (See  Sample  card,  25.) 

6  The  Anonymous  classic  and  Sacred  work  entry  for  ali 
anonymous  classics  and  sacred  books.  (See  Sample  cards, 
26,  28,  31.) 

Besides  this  main  entry  and  the  simple  subject  and  the 
simple  title  entry,  there  are  other  forms  to  be  considered  : 
1  The  Joint  author  reference,  when   a  book  has  been 


10  CATALOGING  FOB  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

written  conjointly  by  two  or  more.     (See  Sample  cards,  38, 
41,  42,  46,  47,  48.) 

2  The  Translator,  Editor,  Compiler  or  Commentator 
entry.     (See  Sample  cards,  30,  49,  50,  78.) 

3  The  Analytic  entry,  whether  under  author,  title  or 
subject,  or  all  three,  when  a  certain  part  of  a  book  is  con- 
sidered worth  analyzing  and  so  is  brought  out  under  appro« 
priate  headings  in  the  catalog.  (See  Sample  cards,  53,  54, 
55,  58,  59,  64-67,  71-76.) 

4  The  Series  entry,  when  one  or  more  works  have  been 
published  in  a  series,  the  name  of  which  is  well-known  or 
important.     (See  Sample  card,  77.) 

5  The  Partial  or  Changed  title  entry.  (See  Sample 
cards,  35,  81.) 

6  Cross  reference  cards.  (vSee  Sample  cards,  17,  20,  23, 
45,  82,  83.) 

y^  Author  card.  Let  us  take  up  in  detail  these  different 
cards  used  in  a  dictionary  catalog.  We  shall  begin  with 
the  author  card.  One  of  the  first  essentials  here  is  that 
there  should  be  uniformity  in  the  form  of  the  author's  name 
used  as  a  heading.  For  instance,  books  by  Samuel  Lang- 
horne  Clemens  have  been  published  under  his  full  name, 
under  its  abbreviated  form,  S.  L.  Clemens,  and  also,  more 
frequently,  under  his  pseudonym  or  nom  de  plume,  Mark 
Twain.  If  you  should  decide  to  place  all  of  this  author's 
books  under  his  real  name,  Clemens,  make  the  reference 
from  Twain  and  enter  no  books  under  the  latter  ;  conversely, 
if  you  should  prefer  to  enter  his  works  under  his  pseudonym, 
make  the  reference  from  his  real  name  to  his  pseudonym 
and  enter  no  books  under  the  real  name.  If  you  do  not 
follow  this  rule  exactly,  you  will  have  works  by  the  same 
author  appearing  in  different  pai-ts  of  the  catalog  under  vari- 
ous name  headings,  and  so  that  first  requisite  of  a  good  cata- 
log, which  is  to  answer  the  question  "  What  books  does  the 
library  contain  by  a  certain  author  "  will  remain  unfulfilled. 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  11 

Be  consistent  not  only  in  the  form  of  the  name  you  adopt, 
but  in  the  fulness  you  decide  to  use.  If  you  enter  one  au- 
thor's works  under  his  surname,  with  the  initials  of  his  fore- 
names, do  this  for  all  authors  ;  and  especially  avoid  incon- 
sistency in  this  matter  in  the  case  of  different  books  by  the 
same  author.  That  is,  if  you  are  entering  books  under  the 
heading  Wh>tney,  William  Dwight,  enter  all  this  author's 
works  under  this  heading  ;  and  moreover  in  the  same  cata- 
log it  would  manifestly  be  inconsistent  to  have  the  heading 
Whittier,  J.  G.,  since  in  such  case  one  author's  name  would 
appear  in  full  and  the  other  with  initials  only.  A  moment's 
thought  too  will  show  that  a  diflBculty  in  filing  will  present 
itself  if  part  of  an  author's  works  ai*e  entered  under  his 
full  name  and  part  under  his  surname  with  initials.  It  is 
immaterial  which  form  of  name  you  adopt  or  how  fully  you 
give  it ;  but  whichever  you  adopt,  adhere  to  it  under  all 
circumstances  and  make  cross  references  from  the  form  you 
do  not  use  to  the  one  you  use.  I  should  not  advise  the  use 
of  full  names  in  small  libraries,  except  in  the  case  of  pseu- 
donyms, which  should  always  be  written  out  in  full  fol- 
lowed by  the  word  "  pseud."  In  the  case  of  two  authors 
having  the  same  initials,  I  should  write  out  the  Christian 
name  ;  or,  if  the  Christian  names  be  alike,  supply  dates  of 
birth  and  death  to  differentiate  them. 

For  books  written  under  a  nom  de  plume  or  assumed 
name,  I  would  suggest  making  the  main  entry  under  the 
real  name  if  known,  with  a  cross  reference  from  the  pseu- 
donymous form.  The  two  exceptions  to  this  rule  might  be 
George  Eliot  and  George  Sand,  who  should  preferably  be 
entered  under  the  pseudonymous  form  as  main  entry.  If, 
however,  you  have  once  entered  a  book  under  the  pseu- 
donymous form,  do  not  change  the  entry,  even  though  the 
author's  later  works  appear  under  iiis  real  name.  Simply 
add  the  real  name  to  the  main  card  already  in  the  catalog 
in  this  wise :   Merriman,  Henry  Seton,   (pseud,  of  H.  S. 


12  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

Scott),  making  a  cross  reference  card  from  Scott  to  Merri- 
inan.  The  same  form  may  be  used  for  George  Eliot  and 
George  Sand. 

If  an  author  has  changed  her  name  after  you  have  entered 
one  or  more  of  her  works,  or  if  you  find  later  that  she  is 
known  by  anotlier  name,  do  not  change  your  entry,  since 
this,  as  in  the  case  of  a  pseudonymous  entry,  would  necessi- 
tate not  only  rewriting  your  card,  but  renumbering  your 
book,  etc.  Add  instead  to  the  main  cards  of  that  author 
already  in  the  catalog  the  more  recent  information,  making 
a  reference  from  the  newly  discovered  name  to  the  one  you 
have  used ;  for  example,  Wiggin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)  (after- 
wards Mrs  Riggs) ;  or.  Parsons,  Mrs  F.  T.  (S.)  (formerly 
Mrs  Wm.  Starr  Dana).  Even  if  adding  the  new  informa- 
tion to  the  author  cards  would  involve  rewriting  a  number 
of  cards,  you  will  find  it  is  worth  while  to  do  so. 

If  an  author  has  written  under  his  initials  only,  transpose 
them,  giving  the  last  initial  first ;  as  S.,  B.  C. 

If  an  editor  or  compiler  or  translator  is  responsible  for 
the  work  he  has  edited  or  compiled  or  translated,  particu- 
larly when  no  author  is  given,  make  the  main  entry  under 
the  editor,  translator  or  compiler,  adding  the  abbreviation 
ed.,  comp.,  tr.,  after  his  name  as  the  case  may  be. 

For  works  written  conjointly  by  two  or  three  authors, 
give  both  or  all  names  on  the  main  author  card,  transposing 
each  ;  for  example  :  Besant,  Sir  W.  and  Rice,  J. ;  Cooper, 
O.  H.,  Estill,  H.  F.  and  Lemmon,  L.  For  works  written 
by  more  than  three,  give  the  name  of  the  first  author  only, 
followed  by  the  words  "  and  others  "  ;  for  example  :  Wig- 
gin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)  (afterwards  Mrs  Riggs).  and  others. 

Make  joint  author  references  from  the  second  and  suc- 
ceeding authors  to  the  main  entry,  unless  each  author  has 
written  his  part  of  the  book  under  a  specific  title.  In  the 
latter  case  make  author  analyticals  instead.  For  example, 
one   joint  author   reference    "  Rice,   J.   joint   author,   see 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  13 

Besant,  Sir  W.  and  Rice,  J."  will  stand,  for  all  these  authors 
have  written  conjointly.  Of  course  you  do  not  in  this  way 
save  time  when  two  authors  have  written  but  one  book  con- 
jointly, but  neither  do  you  lose  time;  and  you  would  gain 
nothing  by  being  inconsistent  and  making  use  of  both 
methods  of  entry. 

Periodical  card.  A  word  about  cataloging  periodicals, 
which  cause  the  librarian  more  trouble  and  anxiety  and  the 
public  more  confusion  and  bad  temper  than  almost  any- 
thing else  in  the  catalog.  Follow  this  simple  direction,  and 
both  you  and  your  borrowers  will  find  relief  and  satisfac- 
tion. State  simply  on  your  card  the  title  of  the  periodical, 
beginning  the  entry  on  the  upper  line,  and  indenting ;  on  a 
new  line  write  the  words  "  Library  has,"  and  below  that  the 
volumes,  including  the  dates,  which  are  contained  in  your 
library,  using  a  line  for  each  volume  or  set  of  included  vol- 
umes. You  may  have  to  rewrite  the  card  now  and  then,  to 
insert  new  additions,  but  that  is  a  small  matter.  (See  Sam- 
ple card,  25.) 

For  all  sacred  works  and  anonymous  classics,  use  the 
name  of  the  sacred  book  or  the  classic  as  author-heading  ; 
for  title  entry  on  such  author  card,  give  the  title  just  as  it 
reads  on  the  title  page.  There  are  few  books  that  will 
come  under  this  head.  Of  the  ones  you  are  most  likely  to 
have,  the  Bible,  Koran,  Talmud  and  Vedas  come  under  the 
head  of  sacred  works ;  the  Mabinogion,  Nibelungenlied, 
Beowulf,  Roland,  Renard  the  Fox,  Arabian  nights,  etc. 
are  examples  of  the  second  class.  In  both  the  above  men- 
tioned classes  of  books,  the  name  forms  the  author  heading 
for  the  entire  work  or  any  part.  That  is  to  say,  any  jpart 
of  the  Bible  (the  Old  Testament,  New  Testament,  Gospels, 
etc.)  is  entered  under  the  word  Bible  as  author-heading. 
Any  edition,  translation  or  variation  of  the  Arabian  nights 
is  entered  under  Arabian  nights  as  author-heading,  with 
added  entries  always  under  the  translators,  editors,  etc.,  if 


14  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

important  enough,  or  if  the  book  is  well  known  by  their 
names. 

For  anonymous  books  not  of  the  type  just  described,  the 
main  entry  is  of  necessity  a  title  entry  when  the  author's 
name  cannot  be  found.  In  this  case  leave  the  upper  line 
blank  so  that  the  author's  name  may  be  filled  in  if  it  is 
discovered. 

On  the  main  card,  whether  simple  author  or  other,  give 
the  title  pretty  fully,  but  omit  all  matter  not  really  essential, 
all  that  j)art  of  the  title  which  is  merely  repetition  and  nei- 
ther adds  to  the  value  of  the  title  nor  gives  information  not 
already  furnished.  Omit  also  all  initial  articles,  in  English 
(unless  really  needed  to  make  sense),  and  all  unnecessary 
introductory  words  of  well-known  titles,  such  as  History  of 
Henry  Esmond,  Life  arid  adventures  of  Robinson  Crusoe, 
Adventures  of  Oliver  Twist,  History  of  David  Copperfield, 
etc. 

For  works  of  fiction  give,  as  imprint,  only  the  number  of 
volumes  and  the  inclusive  copyi'ight  dates  (in  preference  to 
the  date  of  publication).  You  will  rarely,  almost  never,  be 
called  upon  to  give  more  particulars.  For  non-fiction,  give 
the  date  of  publication  also,  if  it  differs  more  than  one  year 
from  the  date  of  copyright,  particularly  for  works  of  sci- 
ence, a  subject  in  which  books  are  constantly  being  rewrit- 
ten and  brought  up  to  date  and  where  the  dates  will  often 
determine  the  usefulness  of  a  book  to  the  borrower.  For 
works  of  history  and  travel,  I  should  advise  all  librarians, 
if  they  wish  to  make  books  on  these  subjects  especially  use- 
ful, to  insert  in  the  title  the  dates  covered,  unless,  as  may 
often  happen  with  a  book  of  ti'avel,  the  date  of  publication 
coincides  with  the  date  of  actual  travel.  For  example 
Macaulay's  '•  History  of  England  "  (that  is,  with  the  clause 
"from  the  accession  of  James  the  Second "  omitted)  is  a 
title  which  would  lead  one  unacquainted  with  the  work  to 
infer  that  it  covered  the  entire  period  of  English  history,  at 


CATALOGING  FOB  SMALL  LIBRARIES  15 

least  to  the  date  of  publication.  In  like  manner  Burnet's 
"  History  of  his  own  time  "  is  rather  vague  and  indefinite  to 
one  unacquainted  with  Burnet.  Marco  Polo's  "  Account  of 
Japan  and  Java,"  published  in  Boston  in  1892,  should  cer- 
tainly have  the  date  1298  inserted  in  the  title. 

If  the  book  is  one  of  a  series  and  the  series  is  important 
or  well-known  enough  to  warrant  it,  add  the  name  of  the 
series,  in  curves,  after  the  date  of  publication. 

On  the  author  card,  also,  give  contents  for  all  books  of 
short  stories,  essays,  etc.  —  j)articularly  if  you  do  not  bring 
out  these  items  as  distinct  titles  or  subjects  on  separate  cards 
under  separate  headings. 

When  the  reader  would  be  more  ai)t  to  look  for  a  work 
under  the  subject,  as  in  the  case  of  collective  biography, 
either  under  the  general  heading  Biography  or  the  more 
specific  headings  Authors,  Physicians,  Sovereigns,  etc.,  give 
the  contents  on  the  subject  card  instead  of  on  tlie  author 
card,  making  a  note  on  your  main  card  to  read  as  follows 
"  For  contents  see  under  the  subject '  Authors,*  '  Physicians,' 
etc,"  as  the  case  may  be.  If  the  contents  are  very  short,  it 
would  be  well  to  repeat  the  items  on  the  author  card. 

All  necessary  annotations  should  appear  on  the  author 
card.  By  annotations,  or  notes,  is  meant  such  necessary  in- 
formation supplied  by  the  cataloger  as  will  indicate  in  the 
fewest  possible  words  (a)  the  book  to  which  the  given  book 
is  a  sequel ;  (b)  the  part  or  parts  of  a  set  that  are  missing 
or  as  yet  unpublished  ;  (c)  the  fact  that  a  book  has  been 
published  under  a  different  title  ;  (d)  any  defects  of  the  book 
annotated  ;  (e)  the  treatment  or  characterization  or  purpose 
or  scope  of  the  book,  should  the  title  itself  not  indicate  these 
features  explicitly  enough.  For  example,  I  have  recently 
seen  a  book  entitled  "  Domestic  economy."  In  this  case 
the  title  was  certainly  not  very  enlightening,  since  the  book 
treated  of  the  domestic  economy  of  the  human  system,  the 
digestive  apparatus,  in  fact,  and  not  at  all  of  what  is  usually 


16  CATALOGING  FOE  SMALL  LIB  RABIES 

understood  by  the  term  "  Domestic  economy."  If  you  do 
not  feel  sufficient  confidence  in  your  own  ability  to  annotate 
such  books  clearly  and  succinctly,  make  use  of  the  work 
already  done  by  experts,  such  as  the  best  annotated  catalogs, 
the  "  American  catalog,"  the  "A.  L.  A.  catalog,"  the  "  Pub- 
lishers' weekly,"  the  ''  A.  L.  A.  booklist,"  any  of  the  best 
reviews,  etc. 

When  the  call  number  has  been  supplied  to  this  author 
card,  I  think  we  may  say  we  have  finished  with  the  face 
of  it,  at  least,  for  I  should  strongly  advise  that  you  do  no 
tracing  on  the  face  of  the  card.  In  other  words,  do  not 
indicate  on  the  face  of  the  card,  title,  subject  or  other  added 
entry  made.  Tracings  are  meant  for  the  use  of  the  libra- 
rian only,  and  it  is  better  not  to  confuse  the  public  with 
them.  On  the  back  of  the  main  card,  trace  or  indicate  all 
other  headings  you  have  made  for  the  book  cataloged.  If 
you  have  made  a  title  card,  say  title  ;  if  an  editor  or  trans- 
lator card,  say  ed.  or  tr.,  or  write  the  surname  of  the  editor 
or  translator.  If  subject  cards  have  been  made  for  the  book, 
write  on  the  back  of  your  author  card  the  names  of  the 
various  subjects  under  which  you  have  put  it.  As  I  have 
before  remarked,  this  tracing  of  the  various  cards  in  the 
catalog  is  of  use  only  to  the  librarian.  It  enables  her  when 
discarding  a  book  from  the  catalog  to  remove  all  cards,  or 
when  changing  the  number  of  a  book,  to  change  it  on  all 
cards.  You  may  be  able  to  remember  that  you  have  made 
title  cards  and  series  cards  and  editor  cards  and  even  subject 
cards  ;  but  you  will  very  rarely  i-ecollect  what  subject  cards, 
unless  in  the  cases  where  the  subject  catch-word  is  in  the 
title.  Your  successor  will  require  this  key  even  more  than 
you.     (See  Sample  card,  60.) 

If  you  have  no  shelf  list,  write  your  accession  number  also 
on  the  back  of  the  main  card.  If  you  have  a  shelf  list,  how- 
ever, this  will  not  be  necessary,  as  the  accession  number  is 
always  given  on  your  shelf  list  card,  and  you  will  rarely 


CATALOGING  FOB  SMALL  LIBRARIES  17 

refer  to  the  catalog  for  such  information.  (See  Sample 
shelf  list  cards,  1,  2.) 

Title  card.  Next  in  order  we  shall  take  up  the  title 
card.  This  entry  must  answer  the  questions :  "  Have  you 
this  book  in  the  library,"  and  "who  wrote  it?"  but  both 
answers  may  be  as  brief  as  possible.  It  is  better  to  err  on 
the  side  of  making  too  many  than  on  that  of  making  too 
few  title  cards  or  references.  It  is  somewhat  surprising, 
when  you  come  to  think  of  it,  how  many  people  ask  for 
books  by  their  titles  and  appear  to  have  only  a  vague  know- 
ledge, if  any,  of  the  authors.  Make,  therefore,  a  title  card, 
when  you  think  there  is  the  slightest  chance  that  a  book 
may  be  asked  for  by  its  title.  Make  title  cards  for  all 
works  of  fiction,  all  plays,  all  poems  published  singly  or 
separately,  all  books  published  anonymously  whose  author- 
ship has  been  discovered,  all  books  published  under  a  pseu- 
donym, and  all  books  with  striking  or  catch  titles.  If  a 
book  is  well-known  by  any  part  of  its  title,  by  a  running 
title,  a  half-title,  a  binder's  title,  a  changed  title,  or  by  any 
title  differing  from  the  title-page,  make  added  entry  under 
that  title ;  that  is,  in  addition  to  your  regular  title  card, 
make  an  extra  title  card  or  cards,  bringing  out  the  catch 
word  under  which  the  book  may  be  known  and  asked  for. 
No  title  card  is  required  for  an  anonymous  book  while  its 
author  is  unknown,  as  the  main  card  answers  the  purpose  of 
a  title  card  also. 

Whenever  you  can,  make  a  title  refei'ence  instead  of  a 
title  card.  To  explain  :  if  you  have  in  your  library  many 
editions  of  the  same  book,  for  instance,  the  Iliad  of  Homer, 
or  Macbeth  by  Shakespeare,  make  one  card  under  the  title 
for  that  book,  —  in  other  words,  one  title  reference,  which 
will  refer  tlie  reader  to  the  main  or  author  cards  for  all 
added  information.  This  card  will  read  as  follows  :  "  Iliad, 
see  Homer,"  or  "  Macbeth,  see  Shakespeare,  W."  and  thus 
will  serve  to  economize  time,  space  and  material. 


18  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

On  the  title  card,  give  but  a  brief  title  and  date  in  all  cases. 
Give  the  author's  surname,  or  surnames  if  joint  authors, 
with  initials  of  forenames  only.  Use  the  call  number,  if 
you  are  making  a  regular  title  entry,  but  omit  it  on  a  title 
reference  card  as  the  same  call  number  will  not  apply  to  all 
editions  of  a  book. 
~n/  Subject  card.  After  you  have  made  the  author  and 
title  cards  for  a  book,  make  the  subject  card  or  cards,  except 
when  the  book  is  a  work  of  fiction,  a  play,  an  essay,  or  a 
poem  which  does  not  require  it.  Use  the  "  A.  L.  A.  list  of 
subject  headings  "  as  a  guide,  checking  or  underscoring  each 
subject  as  you  use  it,  inserting  new  subjects  which  you  may 
decide  to  use,  and  crossing  out  others  that  you  may  prefer 
to  discard  ;  checking  it,  in  fact,  as  you  would  your  code 
of  cataloging  rules  before  mentioned.  The  half-page  blank 
margins  will  be  found  ample  and  con\enient  for  all  addi- 
tions and  annotations.  Do  not  feel  obliged  to  use  only 
the  subjects  mentioned  in  this  list,  or  all  of  them.  The 
book  is  intended  as  an  intelligent  guide,  or  rather  a  guide 
for  intelligent  users,  not  as  a  mandatory  direction.  Call  to 
your  aid  your  judgment  and  conmion  sense,  when  making 
your  selection  of  subjects.  Countries,  states  and  cities  are 
not  given  in  the  A.  L.  A.  list ;  but  as  all  history  and  travel 
is  placed  under  the  name  of  the  country,  state  or  city,  with 
its  subhead  History,  or  Description  and  travel,  follow  your 
own  knowledge  of  the  book  in  hand  or  refer  to  the  Dewey 
Decimal  classification.  Read  Mr.  Cutter's  "  Some  hints  on 
subject  cataloging  in  dictionary  style,"  which  you  will  find 
on  p.  197-198  of  the  "A.  L.  A.  list  of  subject  headings."  Be 
guided  also  by  the  shorter  scheme  of  subheads  under  coun- 
tries, states  and  cities,  which  follows  his  article,  on  p.  198- 
201.  Choose  a  specific  subject  heading  whenever  possible. 
That  is,  enter  a  book  on  Ants  under  the  specific  heading 
^  Ants,  not  under  the  more  general  heading  Insects  ;  a  book 
A  on  birds  under  Birds,  not  under  Zoology,  etc. 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  19 

Be  consistent  and  uniform  in  your  choice  of  subjects.  Do 
not  select  the  most  abstruse  or  the  most  erudite  form  of 
heading,  but  the  one  most  likely  to  be  used  by  the  borrowers 
of  your  library.  Put  yourself  in  the  position  of  a  reader, 
and  you  will  arrive  at  a  much  fairer  decision  regarding 
what  he  will  ask  for  than  if  you  make  your  selection  from  a 
merely  technical  point  of  view. 

Bring  out  all  of  the  subjects  treated  in  a  book,  particu- 
larly if  they  seem  of  the  least  interest  to  your  community. 
This  is  most  important  in  a  small  library,  as  the  subjects 
included  in  the  book  may  not  appear  in  your  library  in 
separate  works.  Make  first  the  subject  heading  that  covers 
the  entire  book,  the  general  heading,  in  short ;  then  bring 
out  the  various  chapters  not  covered  by  this  general  heading 
under  their  specific  subject  headings.  In  this  way  you  will 
often  be  able  to  make  available,  for  the  readers'  use  and 
your  own,  articles  upon  recent  subjects,  upon  which  no  com- 
plete treatises  have  been  written.  Bring  out  under  their 
specific  headings  all  chapters  or  items  bearing  upon  the  bio- 
graphy of  a  person,  or  the  criticism  of  his  works  ;  all  topics 
suitable  for  bulletins,  such  as  author's  birthdays,  Christmas, 
Thanksgiving,  etc. ;  all  articles  bearing  upon  events  of  cur- 
rent history,  or  political  topics ;  upon  subjects  discussed  in 
the  lecture  course  of  the  public  schools  for  the  year ;  upon 
topics  made  prominent  by  the  grammar  and  high  schools  in 
their  curricula  ;  upon  subjects  studied  by  the  literary  and 
debating  clubs  of  your  town  or  vicinity  ;  and  so  on  ad  libi- 
tum. In  other  words,  analyze  each  book  in  your  collection 
thoroughly  and  exhaustively.  You  will  find  hidden  in  your 
books  of  essays  much  valuable  material  that  will  never  see 
the  light  of  day,  never  reach  the  people  who  want  and  need 
it  (at  least  not  just  when  they  want  it  most),  unless  you  an- 
alyze the  contents  of  your  books  and  make  the  parts  appear 
in  your  catalog  separately,  either  under  author  or  title  or 
subject,  or  under  all  three  when  necessaiy.     You  will  also 


20  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

never  realize  until  you  have  your  tool,  your  labor-saving 
machine  (the  catalog),  in  perfect  order,  how  much  wear  and 
tear  you  will  save  yourself  both  physically  and  mentally. 

Let  me  add  right  here,  as  the  most  fitting  place  for  it, 
never  waste  a  topic  once  looked  up.  Note  the  source  where 
you  found  it  under  its  proper  heading  at  once,  and  insert  the 
subject  in  the  card  catalog  in  its  alphabetic  place.  You  will 
be  repaid  for  doing  this  at  some  future  time  ;  for  it  is  more 
and  more  impressed  upon  me  that  we  should  not  unneces- 
sarily burden  our  memories  with  things  that  can  be  labelled 
and  pigeon-holed.  For  example,  if  a  borrower  should  ask 
you  where  to  find  information  regarding  any  recent  legisla- 
tion upon  the  subject  of  municipal  ownership  of  street  rail- 
ways, it  might  require  several  hours'  search  for  you  to  find 
material  that  would  be  satisfactory  for  his  purpose ;  but  if 
you  had  made  note  of  this  subject  by  means  of  analytics 
when  you  cataloged  your  books,  a  veiy  few  moments  would 
place  the  full  resources  of  your  library  in  your  hands. 

I  would  make  one  exception  in  advising  this  thorough 
analysis,  and  that  is  in  the  case  of  periodicals  and  essays. 
These  are  completely  analyzed  for  us  by  "  Poole's  index," 
the  Cumulative  index  to  Periodicals,  and  the  "  A.  L.  A." 
Index  to  general  literature  ;  though  one  word  of  advice  re- 
garding the  first  mentioned  work  may  not  be  amiss  here. 
As  very  few  libraries  have  all  or  nearly  all  of  the  periodicals 
mentioned  in  Poole,  I  would  keep  it  out  of  the  sight  and  ken 
of  the  public.  They  are  always  much  disappointed  (to  put 
it  mildly),  after  having  toiled  througli  Poole  and  found  a 
referjence  to  an  article  which  they  wish  to  read,  to  learn  that 
the  library  does  not  possess  the  number  indicated. 

Another  word  of  warning  on  the  question  of  the  choice  of 
headings.  This  may  seem  superfluous  to  you,  but  experience 
has  led  me  to  know  that  it  is  really  necessary.  Do  not 
assign  a  heading  from  the  title  of  a  book.  Make  sure  of 
what  the  book  treats  before  selecting  the  subject.     I  found 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  21 

in  one  library  a  work  entitled  "  Black  diamonds  "  entered 
under  Precious  stones  ;  the  book  was  a  treatise  on  the  slaves 
of  the  South,  fancifully  called  "  Black  diamonds,"  by  the 
author  ;  and  but  recently  I  have  learned  that  in  one  of  our 
more  important  libraries  Strong's  "  Expansion  under  New 
World  conditions  "  was  placed  under  the  heading  Physics, 
with  a  cross  reference  which  read  "  Expansion,  see  Physics." 

When  a  book  treats  specifically  of  a  subject  pertaining  to 
a  certain  country,  do  not  be  tempted,  unless  you  have  un- 
limited time  at  your  disposal,  which  I  am  assuming  you  have 
not,  to  make  an  additional  entry  under  that  country,  except 
for  history,  description  and  travel,  constitutional  history, 
manners  and  customs,  and  a  few  other  rare  instances.  Re- 
fer rather  from  the  country  to  the  subject.  For  example, 
when  cataloging  a  book  treating  of  the  geology  of  England, 
make  your  subject  heading  under  Geology,  and  under  Eng- 
land (or  under  any  other  country  when  required),  make  a 
card  as  follows  :  "  England.  For  works  on  a  specific  sub- 
ject under  this  country  see  the  name  of  that  subject,  as 
Geology,  Birds,  Law,  etc."  (See  also  p.  198-201  of  the  "A. 
L.  A.  list  of  subject  headings.") 

Except  in  the  case  of  language  and  literature  headings, 
use  the  noun  with  a  sub-division  instead  of  the  adjective 
form  for  a  subject  heading  when  possible.  For  example, 
group  all  woi'ks  on  electricity  under  Electricity  with  its 
divisions  or  subheads,  saying  Electricity.  Currents,  not 
Electric  currents  ;  Electricity.  Bells,  instead  of  Electric 
hells,  etc.  This  method  will  have  the  advantage  of  keeping 
all  works  on  electricity  together  in  one  alphabet.  Transpose 
also  when  feasible.  For  example,  put  all  works  on  engines 
of  whatever  kind  under  Engines,  with  the  name  of  the 
special  kind  following,  and  a  reference  from  the  non-in- 
verted form  ;  that  is.  Engines,  Steam;  Engines,  Gas,  etc., 
with  a  cross  reference  from  Steam  engines,  Gas  engines, etc., 
to  the  form  adopted. 


22  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

Enter  the  language  or  literature  of  a  country  directly 
under  the  name  of  the  language  or  literature,  rather  than 
under  the  country  with  its  subhead  Language  or  Literature  ; 
for  example  English  language,  not  England.  Language, 
etc.  This  is  best  because  the  names  of  languages  and  lit- 
eratures may  differ  widely  from  those  of  the  countries 
to  which  they  belong,  as  do  Sanskrit  literature,  Gaelic  lan- 
guage, Norse  language,  Provencal  literature,  etc. 

Group  under  a  combined  heading  where  possible  ;  for  ex- 
ample, Jews  and  Judaism,  Socialism  and  communism, 
Emigration  and  immigration.  Drawing  and  design,  with 
reference  from  the  second  part  to  the  whole,  instead  of  en- 
tering books  under  each  heading. 

On  the  subject  card,  use  red  ink  for  the  subject  heading. 
Give  the  author's  surname  with  initials  only,  and  so  much 
of  the  title  as  is  needed  to  justify  the  placing  of  the  book 
under  the  heading  you  have  chosen  ;  for  imprint,  give  the 
number  of  volumes  and  the  dates. 

Unless  time  and  material  are  extremely  scarce,  I  should 
always  advise  making  subject  cards  ;  that  is,  a  subject  card 
for  each  book,  that  the  borrower  may  know  at  a  glance 
what  material  the  library  contains  on  any  subject.  If,  how- 
ever, it  will  mean  that  the  time  and  material  thus  saved  or 
gained  may  be  expended  to  better  advantage,  the  following 
suggestions  might  be  followed. 

For  many  subjects  it  is  possible  to  make  subject  refer- 
ence cards,  such  as  we  have  been  making  and  using  with 
marked  success  in  the  various  branches  of  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  for  the  last  year  or  more.  By  subject  refer- 
ences I  mean  references  from  the  names  of  such  classes 
in  the  Dewey  Decimal  classification  (or  any  other)  as  cover 
a  single  definite  subject,  to  the  books  arranged  under  that 
class  number  on  the  shelves.  For  example,  for  all  books  on 
physics,  instead  of  making  separate  subject  cards  under  the 
heading  Physics,  which  would  necessitate  ten  cards  if  you 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  23 

have  ten  books  on  the  subject,  make  instead,  one  cartl, 
"  Physics,  see  books  on  shelves  in  class  530."  You  can  do 
this  only  in  case  no  other  works  except  those  on  physics  are 
classified  in  530,  but  you  can  do  this  even  if  works  on  phy- 
sics are  to  be  found  in  some  other  class.  You  cannot,  for 
instance,  make  a  reference  from  Telegraphy  to  class  654 ; 
you  cannot  say  "  Telegraphy,  see  books  on  shelves  in  class 
654,"  because  you  have  books  upon  other  subjects  than  tele- 
graphy in  that  class  ;  in  other  words,  all  books  classed  in 
654  are  not  on  telegraphy.  You  can,  however,  say  "  Gar- 
dening, see  books  on  shelves  in  classes  635,  710,"  because  all 
books  in  both  those  classes  treat  of  gardening. 

If,  however,  you  have  a  chapter  or  part  of  a  book  devoted 
to  physics  in  a  work  not  classed  in  physics,  you  will  need 
to  make  a  regular  subject  card  under  the  .heading  Physics ; 
e.g.  an  outline  of  Ganot's  Physics  may  be  bound  with 
Roscoe's  Chemistry.  The  book  is  classed  in  540,  Cliemis- 
try  ;  and  as  you  cannot  say  "  Physics,  see  books  on  shelves 
in  class  540,"  you  must  make  a  subject  card  and  not  a  sub- 
ject reference  for  that  book.  It  is  better,  therefore,  to  make 
the  subject  reference  cards  see  also  references.  (See  Sample 
cards,  85,  86.)  , 

With  an  open  shelf  system,  this  method  will  answer  very 
well,  for  the  borrower  who  wishes  to  know  only  wliat  books 
on  a  certain  subject  are  in  the  library  at  the  time.  For  the 
borrower,  however,  who  desires  to  know  what  the  library 
has  on  a  certain  subject,  such  references  are  not  of  nmch 
value,  since  all  the  books  on  a  given  subject  are  not  apt  to 
be  in  at  the  same  time,  or  may  be  misplaced  on  the  shelves. 

I  should  suggest  a  referencie  like  the  following,  in  cases 
where  the  library  contains  many  editions  of  the  same  work. 
Make  your  regular  subject  card  for  the  first  edition  received 
into  your  library,  and  for  later  editions  (not  copies  of  the 
same  edition,  for  which  one  subject  card  as  one  author  and 
one  title  card  will  always  suffice),  note  on  this  subject  card 


24  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

as  follows  :  "  For  other  editions  of  this  work  see  the  author 
card,"  adding  the  author's  name  if  you  think  it  necessary. 
(See  Sample  card,  84.) 

I  should  earnestly  suggest  filing  all  "  see  also  "  subject  re- 
ference cards  in  front  of  all  cards  on  that  subject  in  the  cat- 
alog trays,  rather  than  at  the  back,  as  is  the  general  custom. 
If  a  reader  wants  a  book  on  Butterflies  and  turns  to  Insects 
to  look  for  them,  he  will  be  saved  the  searching  through  a 
long  list  of  works  on  Insects,  if  the  first  card  that  confronts 
him  under  that  head  directs  him  to  "  see  also  Butterflies,"  etc. 

Readers  as  a  rule,  when  consulting  a  given  entry  in  a 
catalog,  dislike  to  be  directed  to  "  see "  something  else,  a 
fact  to  be  remembered  in  making  cross  references. 

Cross  reference  cards.  Make  cross  reference  cards 
when  they  are  needed,  but  be  careful  not  to  crowd  your 
catalog  with  too  many,  referring  back  and  forth,  or  on  and 
on,  and  thus  defeating  your  own  purpose  ;  and  be  very  sure 
not  to  refer  to  any  subject  upon  which  you  have  no  material. 
Do  not,  for  example,  say,  "  Political  economy,  see  also  Strikes 
and  lockouts,"  when  you  have  no  books  in  the  library  on 
strikes  and  lockouts  ;  wait  until  you  have  the  books.  Your 
borrower,  when  he  has  turned  to  Strikes  and  lockouts  and 
found  nothing  to  reward  his  search,  will  not  be  very  amiably 
and  charitably  disposed  toward  the  library  and  its  librarian  ; 
while  a  second  or  third  occuiTence  of  the  same  kind  may 
cause  serious  trouble.  When  I  say  "  do  not  refer  on  and  on 
indefinitely,"  I  mean,  for  example,  do  not  say  "  Deluge,  see 
Flood,"  and  have  the  reader  turn  to  that  subject  only  to 
find  "  Flood,  see  Noah." 

Make  "  see  "  references  from  subject  headings  that  you 
decide  not  to  use,  if  you  think  they  may  be  sought  for,  to 
the  forms  you  do  use,  as  in  the  case  of  name  references  al- 
ready discussed.  They  should  be  made  from  one  form  of 
expression  to  a  synonymous  one ;  from  the  second  part  of  a 
subject  to  the  first  part,  etc.  For  example,  make  a  reference 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  25 

from  Entomology  to  Insects,  from  New  Testament  to  Bible. 
New  Testament,  from  Design  to  Drawing  and  design,  etc. 

It  is  in  making  "  see  also  "  references  that  you  will  be  most 
likely  to  overdo  tlie  matter.  R«fer  from  the  general  to  the 
specific  subject,  from  general  to  related  subjects,  but  not, 
except  in  rare  cases,  from  specific  to  general  subjects.  That 
is,  say  "  Zoology,  see  also  Birds,  Insects,  Domestic  animals," 
etc.  Birds  and  Insects  being  specific  subjects  under  the 
general  subject  Zoology,  all  in  class  590,  and  Domestic  ani- 
mals a  related  subject  classed  in  636.  Do  not  say  "  Birds, 
see  also  Zoology ;  "  that  is  referring  back  from  the  specific 
to  the  general,  and  is  not  needed.  Write  all  these  head- 
ings referred  to  on  one  card,  instead  of  making  a  separate 
"see  also"  card  for  each  in  turn.  No  matter  if  they  are 
not  in  alphabetic  order.  Rewrite  the  card  when  it  is  full 
and  then  arrange  the  entries  alphabetically.  (See  Sample 
cards,  82,  87.) 

Series  card.  Make  a  series  card  only  when  a  series  is 
well  known  or  important  to  your  library,  like  the  "  Inter- 
national education  "  series,  "  International  scientific  "  series, 
"  Story  of  the  nations  "  series,  etc.  On  this  card,  as  on  the 
title  card,  you  need  to  give,  besides  the  author  entry,  a  brief 
title  and  date.  Enter  on  one  card  as  many  of  the  books  in 
that  series  as  you  have  room  for.  If  you  have  a  series  of 
books  all  written  by  one  author,  refer  from  the  series  to  the 
author's  name  and  make  no  series  card.  For  example, 
"  Famous  women  of  the  French  court  "  is  a  set  or  series  of 
seventeen  volumes,  all  written  by  Inibert  de  Saint-Amand. 
Make  then  for  your  series  reference  "  Famous  women  of  the 
French  court,  see  Imbert  de  Saint-Amand,  A.  L.,  baron," 
instead  of  repeating  the  author's  name  seventeen  times  on 
the  series  card. 

Analytics.     1  Author  analytic. 

2  Subject      " 

3  Title  " 


26  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBB ARIES 

The  subject  of  analytics  involves  the  three  ordinary  types 
of  cards,  —  author,  subject  and  title,  which  we  have  con- 
sidered. Make  an  author  analytic  when  part  of  a  book  is 
written  by  some  person  not  the  author  of  the  main  part  of 
the  book,  or  when  two  or  more  works  of  some  author  who 
has  written  a  great  number  of  books  are  bound  together. 
In  both  these  cases  the  included  portion  of  the  book,  if 
there  were  no  analytic,  would  be  thrown  quite  out  of  its 
alphabetic  place  in  filing.  For  example,  if  you  have  Gold- 
smith's Vicar  of  Wakefield  and  Johnson's  Rasselas  bound 
in  one  book,  make  an  author  analytic  for  Johnson,  as  no  one 
would  dream  of  looking  under  Goldsmith  for  him.  In  like 
manner,  if  you  have  Dickens'  David  Copperfield  and  Oliver 
Twist  in  one  work,  make  your  autlior  analytic  for  Oliver 
Twist,  as  the  reader  will  not  think  of  turning  back  to  him 
under  David  Copperfield  expecting  to  find  Oliver  Twist.  If, 
however,  you  have  two  works  bound  in  one,  both  by  an 
author  not  well  known  or  by  one  who  lias  written  very  few 
books,  the  one  author  card  will  suffice  so  long  as  you  indi- 
cate on  that  card  the  fact  that  something  else  is  contained 
in  the  book.  I  would  suggest  that  in  all  cases  you  do  so 
indicate  on  the  main  card  the  titles  and  authors  of  any 
separate  matter  included  in  the  book. 

Make  a  title  analytic  in  all  cases  where  it  seems  desirable, 
where,  in  fact,  you  would  make  a  regular  title  card  were 
that  part  of  the  book  published  as  a  separate  work  or  bound 
separately. 

Make  a  subject  analytic  in  all  cases  where  the  subject 
heading  for  the  main  part  of  the  book  does  not  cover  the 
analyzed  part.  When  it  does  so  cover  it,  no  separate  sub- 
ject analytic  is  required  provided  the  separate  matter  in- 
cluded in  the  book  is  noted  also  on  the  main  subject  card. 

For  short  stories,  however,  I  should  not  advise  making 
analytics,  unless  the  stories  are  known  under  their  separate 
titles  or  have  been  published  separately,  either  in  magazines 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  27 

or  in  book  form.  For  example,  the  short  stories  contained 
in  Booth  Tarkington's  latest  work,  "  In  the  Arena,"  have 
all  appeared  under  their  separate  titles  in  McClure's  maga- 
zine, consequently  title  analytics  would  be  of  value  in  this 
case,  and  are  really  necessary,  in  fact. 

Arrangement.  Having  considered  at  length  the  sub- 
ject of  the  various  types  of  cards,  their  form,  content,  and 
the  like,  we  now  come  to  the  subject  of  the  arrangement  of 
the  cards  when  made. 

File  all  cards  carefully  in  your  catalog,  noting  any  incon- 
sistency by  the  way.  A  carelessly  alphabetized  catalog  is 
not  of  much  use,  as  the  cards  wrongly  filed  and  thus  hidden 
will  do  you  no  more  good  than  if  they  were  not  there ;  and 
the  result  will  be  that  you  will  tell  the  borrower  or  he  will 
conclude  for  himself  that  the  particular  book  or  subject  he 
wants  is  not  contained  in  your  library.  File  alphabetically, 
as  that  term  is  understood  by  the  majority  of  your  borrowers, 
not  in  a  way  to  necessitate  having  Cutter's  Rules  continually 
at  your  elbow.  Remember  the  reader  has  no  rules  to  refer 
to,  and  would  not  use  them  if  he  had.  In  all  this  I  am  refer- 
ring to  popular  circulating  libraries,  not  to  scholarly  libra- 
ries, where  presumably  no  ignorance  exists  and  nothing  is 
too  abstruse  for  the  user.  The  average  reader  searching  for 
a  book  entitled  Marie  in  the  following  lists  will  not  dream 
of  looking  further  than  the  second  entry,  as  shown  in 
Arrangement  2.  He  will  not  expect  to  find  Marie  six 
cards  further  along,  where  it  would  be  if  your  cards  were 
alphabetized  strictly  according  to  Cutter's  Rules,  as  in 
Arrangement  1.  How  much  simpler  it  will  be  for  the  user 
if  the  entries  are  marshalled  alphabetically  as  in  Arrange- 
ment 2,  and  yet  how  confusing  even  then  to  one  unused  to 
consulting  a  catalog  frequently.  Consider  your  public  in 
this  as  in  all  else.  Stretch  your  rules,  sti'etch  your  mind 
and  the  policy  of  your  library  too,  when  doing  this  is  for 
the  good  of  your  constituency.     Have  a  reason  for  doing 


28 


CATALOGING  FOB   SMALL  LIBRARIES 


everything,  so  that  if  you  are  asked  without  warning  '*  Why 
do  you  do  thus  and  so  ?  "  you  may  be  able  clearly,  concisely 
and  intelligently  to  satisfy  ^ihe  inquiring  mind  of  your 
trustee,  your  reader  or  your  visitor.  Following  are  several 
examples  of  filing  which  may  assist  you  in  this  very  impor- 
tant part  of  the  work. 


Arrangement  1.  Entries  ar- 
ranged strictly  according  to  Cut 
ter's  Rules  for  alphabetizing. 


Marie  d'Oignies,  Saint 

Marie  I,  queen  of  France 

Marie  de  France 

Marie  de  St.  Joseph 

Marie,  Pierre  Thomas  Alexandre 

Marie  (Book  title) 

Marie  Adelaide  de  Savoie,  duch- 
ess of  Burgfundy 

Marie  Antoinette,  queen  of  France 

Marie  Catherine  de  Brignole,  prin- 
cess de  Monaco 

Marie  Celeste,  Sister 

Marie  de  M^dicis,  queen  of  France 

Marie  Duval 

Marie-Galante,  island 

Marie  Louise,  empress  of  the 
French 

Marie  Saline,  Arkansas 

Marie  Sobieska,  queen  of  Poland 

Marie  Th^rfese  Charlotte  de  France, 
duchesse  d'Angoul@me 


ArrangeM-VNT  2.  Bntries  ar- 
ranged in  strict  alphabetic  or- 
der, more  intelligible  to  the 
average  reader. 

Marie,  Pierre  Thorv»s  Alexandre 

Marin  (Book  title) 

Marie  I,  queen  of  Framce 

Marie  Adelaide  de  Savoie,  duch- 
ess of  Burgundy 

Marie  Antoinette,  queen  of  France 

Marie  Catherine  de  Brignole,  prin- 
cess de  Monaco 

Marie  Celeste,  Sister 

Marie  de  France 

Marie  de  Medicis,  queen  of  Frwice 

Marie  d'Oignies,  Saint 

Marie  de  St.  Joseph 

Marie  Duval 

Marie-Galante,  island 

Marie  Louise,  empress  of  th^ 
French 

Marie  Saline,  Arkansas 

Marie  Sobieska,  queen  of  PoJaad 

Marie  Ther^se  Charlotte  de  Fmnc* 
duchesse  d'Angoulema 


CATALOGING  FOR  S}fALL  LIBRARIES 


29 


Abranoement  3.  Entries  ar- 
ranged strictly  according  to 
Cutter's  Rules  for  alphabet- 
izing. 

Cathabine,  N.  Y. 

Catharine  Lake,  North  Carolina 
(Post-hamlet) 

Catherine  of  Alexandria,  St. 

Catherine  de'  Ricci,  St. 

Catherine  of  Siena,  St. 

Catherine  II,  empress  of  Russia 

Catherine  de  Medicis,  queen  of 
France 

Catherine  of  Aragon,  queen  of 
Henry  VIII. 

Catherine  of  Braganza,  queen  of 
Charles  II. 

Catherine  of  Valois,  queen  of 
Henry  V. 

Catherine,  princess  of  England 

Catherine  de  St.  Augustin 

Catherine.     Thackeray,  W.  M. 

Catherine  and  Petruchio.  Qar- 
rick,  David 

Catherine  Blum  (French).  Du- 
mas, Alexandre 

Catherine  Blum  (English).  Du- 
mas, Alexandre 

Catherine  Carr.     Wilkins,  M.  E. 

Catherine  Howard,  queen  of 
Henry  VIII. 

Catherine  islands 

Catherine  Parr,  queen  of  Henry 
VIII. 

Catherine  Parr.    Miihlbach,  L. 


Arrangement  4.  Entries  ar- 
ranged in  strict  alphabetic  or- 
der, more  intelligible  to  the 
average  reader. 

Cntharine,  N.  Y. 

Catharine  Lake,  North  Carolina 

Catherine.     Thackeray,  W.  M. 

Catherine,  princess  of  England 

Catherine  II,  empress  of  Russia 

Catherine  and  Petruchio.  Q&t- 
rick,  David 

Catherine  Blum  (French).  Du- 
mas, Alexandre 

Catherine  Blum  (English)  Du- 
mas, Alexandre 

Catherine  Carr.     Wilkins,  M.  E. 

Catherine  de  Medicis,  queen  of 
France 

Catherine  de'  Ricci,  St. 

Catherine  de  St.  Augustin 

Catherine  Howard,  queen  of 
Henry  VIII. 

Catherine  islands 

Catherine  of  Alexandria,  St. 

Catherine  of  Aragon,  queen  of 
Henry  VIII. 

Catherine  of  Braganza,  queen  of 
Charies  II. 

Catherine  of  Siena,  St. 

Catherine  of  Valois,  queen  of 
Henry  V. 

Catherine  Parr.     Muhlbach,  L. 

Catherine  Parr,  queen  of  Henry 

vm. 


30 


CATALOGING   FOR  SMALL  LIBE ABIES 


Akrangement    5.   Miscellaneous  entries    illastrating    the    more 
difficult  points  in  every-day  filing. 


Book,  J.  W. 

Book  news,  English  and    Indian 

(Periodical  title) 
Book-prices    current    (Periodical 

title) 
Book  reviews  (Periodical  title) 
Bookbinder  (Periodical  title) 
Books  (Subject) 

Child,  William 

Child  in  Florence  (Anonymous 
title) 

Childe,  Cromwell,  comp. 

Children's  Christmas  chats  (Anon- 
ymous title) 

Childs,  K  E. 

Child's  history  of  the  United 
States  (Anonymous  title) 

Child's  picture  book  of  Indians 
(Anonymous  title) 

Cross,  C.  F. 

Cross  (Subject) 

Cross  and  crescent  (Title) 

Crosse,  Sarah 

(La)  Dame  de  Monsoreau  (Title) 
De  gestis  Ilerwardi  Saxonis  (Title) 
De  inventione  sanctae  crucis  wal- 

thamensis  (Title) 
Defence  of  opposition  (Title) 
Defoe,  Daniel 

Degetaii  y  Gonz.-llez,  Federico 
Deichen,  Fritz 
Del.ibrousse,  Jacques 
Dplalain,  P.  A. 
De  Lancey,  E.  F. 
De  Normandie,  James 
Denoy^s,  J. 


Des  lebens  ueberdruss  (Title) 
Description  of  the  town  of  Law- 
rence (Anonymous  title) 
Dewing,  A.  S. 
De  Witt,  F.  B. 

La  Barreyrie,  F.  de 

Labarte,  Jules 

Ladies'      memorial       association, 

Charleston,  S.  C. 
Ladies  of  the  American  buffaloes 
Laffan,  W.  M. 
Lalande,  Andre 
La  Lande,  Roger  de 
Lamothe,  H.  F.  de 
Long    Island   calendar    for   1902 

(Title) 
Long  Island  railroad  company 
Longfellow,  H.  W. 

McAulay,  Allan 

Macaulay,   T.    B.    Macaulay,  Is* 

baron 
McCall,  S.  W. 
M'Callum,  P.  F. 
MacCarthy,  John  G. 
McCarthy,  Joseph 
M'Cauley,  I.  H. 
M'Clellan,  R.  Guy 
McClellan,  Robert  H. 
McClelland,  T.  C. 
MacColl,  Malcolm 
M'Collum,  W.  S. 
MacDonald.  Arthur 
Macdonald.  J.  R.  L. 
M'Donell,  Alexander 
Macfadden,  B.  A. 
McFadyen,  J.  K 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 


31 


Machale,  John,  abp.  of  Tuam 

McHardy,  C.  M. 

Mc  Henry,  M.  W. 

Machiavelli,  Niccol6 

Mcintosh,  William 

Mcintosh  battery  and  optical  co. 

Mack,  A.  E.     conip. 

McKenzie,  Alexander,  1830- 

Mackenzie,  Alexander,  l&iS- 

Mackintosh,  C.  F. 

Maclean,  A.  J. 

M'Lean,  John,  of    the    Hudson's 

Bay  company 
McLean,  Ridley 
McLellan,  J.  A. 
McNeil,  Samuel 
McRa,  Duncan 
MacRae,  Alexander 
Macray,  W.  I). 
MacVeagh,  Wayne 
McVey,  W.  E.     ed. 
Miss  Archer  Archer  (Title) 
Mr  Sweet    Potatoes,    and    other 

stories  (Anonymous  title) 
Mr    Whitelaw    Reid    in   France, 

1889-1892  (Title) 
Mistral,  Fr^d^ric,  1830- 
Mistress  and  niaid  (Title) 
Mistress  Barbara  (Title) 
Mrs  Cliff's  yacht  (Title) 

Neumann,  F.  E. 

(A)  New  book  of  proverbs  (Title) 

New   Ilampsliire  —  Governor.    Q. 

A.  Ramsdell,  1897-1S98 
New  Orleans  —  Public  school  and 

lyceum  library 
New  Orleans  as  it  is  (Anonymous 

title) 
(The)  New  St.  Louis  (Anonymous 

title) 
New  South  Wales 


(A)  New  speller  (Anonymous 
title) 

New  York  (City)  —  Civil  service 
commission 

New  York  (County) — Board  of 
supervisors 

New  York  (County)  —  Register 

New  York  (State)  —  Legislature 

New  York  (State)  —  Secretary  of 
state 

New  York  central  &  Hudson  river 
railroad 

New  York  historical  society 

New  York  life  insurance  company 

New  York  southern  society.  Li- 
brary 

New  York  state  historical  associa- 
tion 

(The)  New  York  Times  (Periodi- 
cal title) 

(The)  New  York  Tribune's  pocket 
atlas  of  the  world  (Title) 

Newark  female  charitable  society 

Newcomb,  Harvey 

Newcomb,  J.  T. 

Newcome,  Richard,  of  Ruthin, 
Wales 

Newcomer,  C.  A. 

Newenden,  Eng.  (Parish) 

Newman,  Edward 

Newman's  directory  and  guide  of 
Los  Angeles  (Title) 

News  from  New-England  (Title) 

Newsome,  Edmund 

Newson,  T.  M. 

NewBtead,  Robert 

Saint    Albans,     Vt.  —  Board     of 

trade 
Saint  Didier 
Saint  Girons,  Antoine 
St.  John,  T.  M. 


32 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 


Sunt  John  as  a  Canadian  winter 

port  (Title) 
Saint  Mars,  G.  A.  C.  de  Courtiras, 

vicomtesse  de 
St.  Petersburg  —  British  factory. 

Library 
Sainte  Marie,  J.  B.  E.  C.  P.  de. 
Saintine,  J.  X.  Boniface,  known 

as 
Seven  poor  travellers  (Title) 
7  to  12  (Title) 
Seven  years  (Title) 
Sevenoak,  F.  L. 
Sevenoaks  (Title) 
"1779  "(Title) 


Seventeen  trips  through  Somali- 
land  and  a  visit  to  Abyssinia 
(Title) 

V.,M. 

Van  Allen,  W.  H. 

Van  Cleve,  A.  D. 

Vancsa,  Max 

Vanderpoel,  E.  N. 

Van  Devanter,  J.  N. 

Van  Heuvel,  J.  A. 

Vannes  —  Mus^e  arcb^ologique 

Van  Nostrand,  J.  J. 

Vannucchi,  Olivo 

Vanutberghe,  H. 


Practical  suggestions.  Get  the  unabridged  edition 
of  the  Dewey  Decimal  classification,  rather  than  the  abridged 
edition,  if  you  can  possibly  afford  to  do  so.  You  will  be 
amply  repaid  for  the  extra  expense.  Get  the  Library  of 
Congress  printed  catalog  cards  for  your  books  whenever 
possible.  They  cost  so  little  in  time  as  well  as  money,  now 
that  the  A.  L.  A.  catalog  may  be  had.  Consult  the  Dic- 
tionary portion  of  this  catalog  when  ordering  cards,  and  if 
you  find  your  entry  there  order  by  the  serial  number.  It  is 
not  necessary  in  such  case  to  write  out  author,  title  and  im- 
pi-int  as  it  is  when  ordering  cards  for  books  not  in  the 
A.  L.  A.  catalog. 

For  book  numbers  use  the  Cutter-Sanborn  Author  tables, 
numbering  by  the  initial  letter  of  the  author's  surname  in 
all  cases  except  in  that  of  individual  biography,  when  you 
should  use  the  initial  letter  of  the  subject's  surname.  Use 
the  three  figures  derived  from  the  tables  for  fiction  and  in- 
dividual biography,  and  the  first  two  figures  for  non-fiction. 
For  fiction  use  no  class  number,  thus  bringing  together  all 
fiction  in  one  class,  arranged  alphabetically  by  authors  ;  for 
juvenile  fiction  a  J  may  be  used  in  place  of  a  class  number 


CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES  33 

to  differentiate  it.  For  individual  biography  B  may  be  used. 
This  letter  used  in  place  of  the  class  number  will  bring  all 
biographies  into  one  class,  arranged  in  one  alphabet  in  this 
case,  by  their  subjects  in  place  of  their  authors.  Write  the 
class  number  on  the  first  line  in  the  upper  left-hand  corner 
of  each  card,  and  the  book  number  on  the  second  line.  For 
fiction,  I  would  suggest  leaving  the  first  line  blank,  as  that 
would  immediately  indicate  that  the  book  was  fiction.  I 
would  strongly  recommend  also  that  all  collective  biography 
be  classed  in  920,  instead  of  scattering  it  through  classes 
920-928. 

Use  red  ink  for  subject  headings  and  subject  cross  refer- 
ences. Bring  the  author  out  to  the  left  vertical  line  on  all 
cards  except  on  the  series  card.  On  the  series  card  bring 
out  the  series  heading  and  indent  all  authors.  Indent  the 
first  line  of  the  title  on  all  cards.  Indent  all  headings,  sub- 
ject, title,  cross  reference,  etc.,  except  the  author  heading. 
On  every  card  except  the  author  card,  underscore  the 
author's  surname  twice,  to  make  it  more  prominent  and  to 
indicate  the  main  entry. 

I  have  appended  a  list  of  the  simpler,  more  available  and 
less  expensive  tools  for  the  cataloger,  with  brief  annotations 
and  cost ;  also  a  list  of  bibliographical  and  typographical 
terms  most  frequently  used  in  library  work,  samjde  shelf 
list  cards  and  sample  catalog  cards,  illustrating  the  various 
points  taken  up. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  say  one  word  concerning  the  mate- 
terials  used.  I  have  taken  it  for  granted  throughout  this 
paper  that  the  catalog  would  be  a  card  catalog,  not  a  manu- 
script one  on  sheets  or  in  a  book.  Get  the  very  best  card< 
of  medium  weight  in  the  market,  for  though  the  expense 
may  be  a  trifle  greater  in  the  beginning,  the  saving  in  the 
end  will  more  than  compensate  you  in  the  appearance  of  the 
cards  and  the  permanency  of  your  work.  The  Library  Bu- 
reau card,  size  SSL,  is  the  best.     Buy  also  the  best  cabinet 


34  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

that  may  be  found,  otherwise  you  will  live  to  regret  having 
been  unwisely  economical. 

Use  the  best  inks,  or  if  your  library  can  afford  it,  use  the 
typewriter.  A  good  typewriter,  preferably  the  Underwood 
visible  writing  machine,  with  the  best  ribbons  (Record, 
lightly  inked)  and  first-class  quality  cards,  will  insure  a  de- 
gree of  uniformity  and  neatness  that  will  be  a  satisfaction 
alike  to  trustee,  librarian  and  the  public. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

MOST  ESSENTIAL  REFERENCE  BOOKS  FOR  CATALOGERS 

Dewey  Decimal  Classification,  Unabridged  Edition. 
1899.    Library  Bureau.    $5.00. 

Abridged  Edition.    1894.    Library  Bureau.    $1.50. 

Library  School  Rules ;  condensed.  1898.  Library 
Bureau.    $1.25. 

A.  L.  A.  List  of  Subject  Headings.  1898.  A.  L.  A. 
Publishing  Board.    S2.00. 

Cutter-Sanborn  Author  Tables.  Library  Bureau.  2v. 

$2.50. 

Cutter's  Rules  for  a  Dictionary  Catalogue.  Edition 
4.  1904.  Free  by  applying  to  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Edu- 
cation, Wash.,  D.  C. 

A.  L.  A.  Catalog.  1904.  Library  of  Congress,  Wash., 
D.  C.   25c.  paper,  50c.  cloth. 

Adams,  O.  F.  Dictionary  of  American  Authors.  1901. 
Houghton.    $3.25. 

Name,  date,  and  characterization.  Two  or  three  books 
of  author  given.  Sometimes  mentions  life.  Modern 
authors.  Index.  Help  in  popular  library,  but  not  en- 
tirely reliable. 

Allibone,  Samuel  A.    Critical  Dictionary  of  English 
Literature  and  British  and  American  Authors,  Living 
and  Deceased.   5v.  (3v.  and  supplement).    1859-1902. 
Lippincott.    $37.50. 
English  and  American  authors  only,  from  the  earliest 


36  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

times  to  the  latter  half  of  the  19th  century.  More 
attention  paid  to  list  of  books  than  to  life  of  authors. 
Fairly  reliable.  First  volumes  English  only.  Supple- 
ment Englisli  and  American.  This  is  one  of  the  indis- 
pensable reference  books  for  a  cataloger. 

American  Catalogue.  1876-date.  Various  prices,  pt. 
1,  Author  and  title  entries ;  pt.  2,  Subject  entries. 
Publishers'  Weekly  made  into  one  alphabet  every  five 
years.  Subject  part  contains  lists  of  government  de- 
partments and  bureaus,  bureaus  arranged  under  depart- 
ments.    Very  useful  in  every  way. 

Century  Cyclopedia  of  Names.     1894-1900.    Cen- 
tury Co.     $10.00. 

Useful  for  name  references  of  all  kinds,  including  bio- 
graphical entries.  Authoritative.  Very  useful  for  ful- 
ness of  names  of  well-known  men  of  the  past. 

Cleveland  (O.)  Public  Library  Catalogue.     1889. 
$1.00. 

Dictionary  catalog,  good  for  a  popular  library,  fairly 
recent.  Dates  of  birth  and  death  and  characterizing 
phrases  given. 

Cushing,   William.     Anonyms  :  A  Dictionary  of  Re- 
vealed Authorship.     1889.     Cushing.     $20.00. 
Arranged  1,  By  title.     2.  By  authors,  with  dates. 

Initials  and  Pseudonyms:  A  Dictionary  of  Literary 

Disguises.  2v.  1885-88.  Crowell.  $8.00.  Arranged 
1,  By  pseudonyms.  2,  By  authors,  with  dates  and 
characterization. 

Dictionary   of    National    Biography,   Index    and 
Epitome.     1903.     Macmillan.     $6.25. 
The  best  authority  for  English  biographical  refei-ences. 
Names  in  full. 

Hitchler,  Theresa.     Comparative  Cataloguing   Rules ; 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  37 

20  points  in  10  codes  briefly  compared.  1903.  Free, 
by  applying  to  compiler. 

Lippincott's  Gazetteer  of  the  World.  1896.  Lip- 
pincott.     $8.00. 

Milwaukee  (Wis.)  Public  Library.  Catalogue. 
1885-6.     $2.00. 

Classified  catalog ;  is  the  largest  classified  catalog  of  a 
popular  library.  Classified  according  to  the  decimal 
system.  Good  for  full  names.  Author  index,  simply 
an  index.  Authority  on  German  names.  In  back  of 
book  is  index  of  biography,  with  dates  of  biographee, 
also  phrase  characterizing  biographee.  Subject  index. 
Rather  antiquated  now,  but  very  good  as  far  as  it  goes. 
Dates  in  the  biography  index  do  not  agree  with  the 
latest  reference  books. 

Osterhout  Library  (Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.)  Classed 
Catalogue  and  Author  Index.  2v.  1889-95. 
$5.00. 

Full  names  given  in  author  index.  Valuable  for  its 
list  of  historical  and  descriptive  fiction.  Also  valuable 
for  addition  of  dates  of  period  covered  by  histories. 

Phillips,  Lawrence  B.  Dictionary  of  Biographical  Re- 
ference containing  over  one  hundred  thousand  names. 
.  .  .  New  ed. ;  rev.  and  cor.  by  Frank  Weitenkampf. 
1889.     Phil.  Gebbie.     $2.25. 

Valuable  because  of  the  great  number  of  names  it  con- 
tains. Although  the  entries  are  very  brief,  dates  are 
given  ill  every  case  where  it  is  possible  to  supply  them. 
Useful  in  distinguishing  authors. 

Publishers'  \A^eekly.     $3.00  per  year. 

Weekly  trade  list  of  newest  jjublications,  with  monthly 
cumulative  summaries  in  the  form  of  a  dictionary  cata- 
log.    Often  needful  in  tracing  very  recent  publications 


88  CATALOGING  FOB  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

and  frequently  useful  for  fulness  of  names.  No  library 
should  be  without  it. 

Thomas,  Joseph.     Lippincott's  Universal  Pronouncing 
Dictionary    of    Biography    and    Mythology.      1887. 
$15.00. 
General.     Best  one-volume  book  for  all  time. 

United  States  Catalog.     1903.    Wilson.     $15.00. 

List  of  books  in  print,  1903,  by  author,  subject  and 
title ;  dictionary  arrangement.  Useful  as  a  bibliography 
and  for  fulness  of  names. 

Who 's  Who.     1904.     Macmillan.     $2.00. 

The  English  model  on  which  Who  's  Who  in  America 
was  founded.  Covers  the  same  field  for  English  men 
and  women. 

Who's  Who  in  America.  1905.  Marquis.  $3.50. 
Contains  entries  for  living  Americans  who  have  come 
into  public  notice  in  any  department  of  life.  Some 
foreign  names.  Useful,  as  it  includes  names  to  be 
found  in  no  other  place. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  AND   TYPO^ 
GRAPHICAL   TERMS 

IN  MORE  GENERAL  USE 

Absolute  location.     See  Fixed  location. 

Accession  (verb).  To  enter  in  the  accession-book  or 
official  record  of  additions  the  title  of  each  book  in  the 
order  of  its  acquisition. 

Accession-book.  The  business  record  book  of  all  vol- 
umes in  a  library  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  re- 
ceived. It  gives  a  brief  account  of  each  volume,  how 
obtained,  price,  and  such  items  as  may  preserve  a  record 
of  its  liistory  in  the  library. 

Accession  department.  That  department  of  a  library's 
administration  which  includes  the  selection,  ordeiing, 
and  accessioning  of  books. 

Accession  number.  The  number  given  to  a  volume  in 
the  order  of  its  acquisition,  corresponding  to  the  number 
opposite  its  entry  in  the  accession-book. 

Accession  order.  An*angenient  of  books  on  the  shelves 
according  to  the  order  of  their  addition  to  a  class,  as 
distinguished  from  an  alphabetical  aiTangement. 

Added  edition.  The  entry  of  more  than  one  edition  of 
a  book  on  a  catalog  card.  The  second  and  following 
are  called  added  editions. 

Added  entry.  All  cataloging  entries  for  a  book  except 
the  main  author  and  main  subject  cards.  In  added 
entry  full  title  and  imprint  are  usually  omitted. 


40  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

Advance  sheets  or  copies.  Copies  of  a  book,  anbound 
(sheets)  or  bound,  printed  in  advance,  to  be  used  as  a 
basis  for  preliminary  notices,  or  for  simultaneous  publi. 
cation  at  a  place  distant  from  the  place  of  printing  and 
binding. 

Alcove.  A  recess  in  a  library,  formed  usually  by  two 
bookcases  projecting  from  the  wall,  making  a  very 
small  room,  which  is  generally  fitted  up  for  the  pur- 
poses of  study. 

Alphabetico-classed  catalog.  A  subject  catalog  made 
by  class  entry,  in  which  the  classes  are  arranged  alpha- 
betically and  the  subdivisions  of  the  classes  are  also 
arranged  in  alphabetic  order. 

Alternative  title.  When  a  book  has  two  titles  separated 
by  the  word  or,  the  second  one  is  called  the  alternative 
title. 

Ampersand.  The  abbreviation  or  sign  for  the  word 
"  and  ;  "  thus  &  (Roman)  &  (Italic)  &  (black  letter). 

Analytic  entry  (or  an  Analytic).  A  separate  entry 
(whether  under  author,  subject  or  title)  for  a  distinct 
part  of  a  book  is  called  an  analytic  entry,  or  briefly,  an 
analytic.  The  body  of  the  entry  is  followed  by  a  refer- 
ence in  parentheses  to  the  work  of  which  it  forms  a 
part. 

Annotation.  The  act  of  giving  additional  information 
in  the  form  of  notes,  also  the  notes  themselves  when 
made. 

A.nonymous.     Published  without  the  author's  name. 

Antiqua.     A  German  expression  for  Roman  types. 

Application  blank.  A  printed  form  furnished  by  a 
library  to  be  filled  out  by  persons  applying  for  the  use 
of  its  books. 

Author.     The  person  who  writes  a  book ;  in  a  wider  sense 


TERMS  41 

it  may  be  applied  to  Iiim  who  is  the  cause  of  a  book's 
existence.     Cutter. 

Author  card.     See  Author  entry. 

Author  catalog.  A  catalog  in  which  the  author  entries 
are  arranged  separately  in  alphabetic  order. 

Author  entry.  The  registry  of  a  book  under  its  author's 
name  as  heading.  In  a  card  catalog  the  author  entry 
is  called  the  author  card,  one  entry  being  made  on  each 
card  ;  the  same  is  true  of  subject  and  other  entries. 

Author  number.  A  combination  of  letters  and  figures 
assigned  to  each  book  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  on 
the  shelves  an  alphabetic  arrangement  by  author  under 
each  class. 

Author  table.  A  printed  list  used  in  assigning  author 
numbers ;  for  example,  the  Cutter  author  tables,  or 
Cutter-Sanborn  author  tables. 

Bastard  title.  The  fly  or  half  title  before  the  full  title 
of  the  work. 

Bibliography.  Tlie  science  which  embraces  the  history 
and  description  of  books,  treats  of  their  authors,  sub- 
jects, typography,  editions,  materials,  &c. 

Also  used  to  mean  a  list  of  the  books  or  authorities 
on  any  particular  subject,  as,  a  bibliography  of  archi- 
tecture. 

Special  bibliography.  Confined  to  books  on  some 
particular  author  or  subject  and  may  include  all  or  a 
selection  of  the  books  on  that  subject  or  author. 

Trade  bibliograjihy.  Application  of  bibliography  to 
the  purchase  of  books. 

National  bibliography.  Record  of  books  printed  in 
a  certain  country. 

Select  bibliogi'aphy.  A  list  of  the  best  books  on  an 
author  or  subject. 


42  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

Complete  bibliography.  A  list  of  all  books  on  an 
author  or  subject. 

General  bibliography  (or  universal  bibliograpliy). 
Includes  bibliographies  whose  object  is  to  enumerate 
the  titles  of  books  of  every  age  and  country  and  on  all 
subjects. 

Binder's  title.  The  brief  title  placed  by  the  binder  on 
the  back  of  a  book. 

Bindery  book.  A  book  kept  for  the  purpose  of  record- 
ing in  it  the  titles  of  all  books  sent  to  the  bindery. 

Bindery  slip.  A  slip  sent  with  each  volume  to  the 
bindery,  on  which  is  given  directions  to  the  binder  in 
regard  to  its  lettering  and  style  of  binding. 

Binding.  The  cover  of  a  book  after  the  volume  has  been 
folded  and  sewn. 

Black  letter.  A  general  expression  used  to  indicate  old 
English  text  or  church  type. 

Blind-tooled.  A  book  is  blind-tooled  when  the  tools 
are  impressed  upon  the  leather  without  gilding. 

Boards.  A  book  is  said  to  be  "  in  boards  "  when  the 
boards  are  covered  only  with  paper,  in  distinction  from 
one  whose  boards  are  covered  with  leather  or  cloth. 

Body  of  the  work.  The  text  or  subject  matter  is  thus 
described  to  distinguish  it  from  the  preliminary,  appen- 
dix or  notes. 

Book  binding.     See  Binding. 

Book  card.  A  card  kept  in  each  book,  on  which  is! 
written  the  call  number  and  name  of  the  book  to  which 
it  belongs  and  which  is  taken  out  when  the  book  is  bor- 
rowed and  kept  as  a  record  of  the  borrower  and  date. 

Book  label.  A  small  label  usually  pasted  on  the  back 
of  a  book  on  which  is  written  its  call  number.  Round 
linen  ones  are  best. 


TERAfS  43 

Book  number.  A  letter,  number,  or  any  combination 
of  niunbei's,  letters  or  characters  assigned  to  a  book  in 
order  to  distinguish  it  from  all  other  books  in  the  same 
class. 

Book  ^late.  A  label  pasted  in  a  book  to  mark  its  own- 
ei'ship  and  to  indicate  its  location  in  a  library. 

Book  pocket.  A  pocket  pasted  inside  the  cover  of  a 
book  to  hold  the  book  card  or  the  borrower's  card. 

Book  support.  A  prop,  made  in  various  styles,  which 
is  placed  upon  a  shelf  to  prevent  books  from  falling 
over,  thus  preserving  the  binding  and  keeping  order  on 
the  shelves. 

Book  tag.     See  Book  label. 

Borrower's  card.  A  card  given  after  receipt  of  appli- 
cation blank  to  indicate  the  borrower's  right  to  draw 
books.  It  usually  has  a  number  and  the  borrower's 
name  and  address. 

Borrower's  index.  An  alphabetic  list  of  all  borrowers, 
serving  as  an  index  to  the  registration  book. 

Borrower's  register.     See  Registration  book. 

Branch  library.  A  permanent  collection  of  books,  form- 
ing a  small  library,  which  although  belonging  to  the 
main  library  and  reporting  to  it,  is  housed  separately 
and  circulates  its  books  independently. 

Broadside.     A  sheet  printed  on  one  side  only. 

Calendered  paper.  Paper  very  highly  rolled  or  glazed, 
much  used  for  printing  illustrated  books  or  magazines. 

Call  number.  The  number,  or  combination  of  numbers 
and  letters,  which  indicates  the  location  of  the  book  on 
the  shelves.  In  libraries  using  the  relative  location,  the 
class  number  and  book  number  together  constitute  the 
call  number. 

Call  slip.     A  printed  blank  furnished  by  the  library  for 


44  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBli ARIES 

the  use  of  borrowers  on  which  must  be  enumerated  the 
authors,  titles  and  call  numbers  of  the  books  wanted,  or 
the  call  numbers  only. 

Caption.  The  name  given  at  the  head  of  the  fii'st  page  of 
text.     Cutter. 

Card  catalog.  A  catalog  of  books  in  a  library  in  which 
each  entry  is  made  on  a  separate  card.  The  cards  are  of 
the  same  size,  and  stand  on  edge  in  drawers,  trays  or 
boxes,  and  may  be  arranged  either  alphabetically  or 
numerically. 

Card  catalog  case  or  card  case.  A  case  of  drawers 
or  trays  for  the  storage  of  the  cards  forming  the  card 
catalog. 

Card  volume  system.  An  arrangement  for  a  card 
catalog  whereby  the  cards  or  slips  are  held  together  by 
an  adjustable  binder  in  the  form  of  a  book  instead  of 
in  drawers,  as  in  the  common  form  of  the  card  catalog. 
Sometimes  known  as  the  Leyden  form  of  card  catalog. 

Case.     Two  faces  of  shelving  together,  with  front  edges  of 

the  books  facing  in  and  the  backs  showing  on  each  face. 

Dewey. 
Case  work.     In  book  binding  applied  to  that  binding  in 

which  the  cover  is  made  separately  ;  the  volume  is  then 

glued  and  fastened  into  the  cover. 

Cast  off.  To  calculate  or  estimate  length  of  copy  to  be 
printed  —  a  troublesome  task  in  uneven  or  badly  writ- 
ten MS. 

Catalog  or  catalogue.    A  list  or  itemized  record  of  all 

the  books  in  a  library. 

Catalogue  raisonne.  A  classified  catalog  usually  con- 
taining more  or  less  full  comments  and  descriptions. 

Catchword  entry.  Pantry  made  from  some  word  of  the 
title  other  than  the  first  word  and  not  indicative  of  the 


TERMS  45 

subject,  but  likely  to  be  remembered  and  used  by  bor- 
rowers in  asking  for  a  book.     Cutter. 

Charging  desk.  The  place  where  books  are  returned 
and  received  by  borrowers. 

Charging  system  (or  Loan  system).  Method  used  in 
keeping  an  account  of  the  loan  of  books. 

Children's  home  library.  A  collection  of  eighteen  or 
other  number  of  carefully  selected  books  and  period- 
icals placed  in  the  home  of  a  child  who  acts  as  librarian 
and  who  chooses  about  ten  children  to  form  a  group 
which  meets  once  a  week  and  is  visited  by  some  one  who 
acts  as  friend  and  adviser  to  the  children.  Designed  to 
reach  the  class  of  children  who  are  not  reached  by  the 
free  public  library. 

Circulating  library.  A  library  from  which  the  bor- 
rowers may  take  books  for  use  at  home  or  elsewhere 
under  certain  restrictions  ;  distinguished  from  a  library 
of  reference. 

Clarendon.  A  bold  or  fat  faced  type  is  generally  thus 
described.     The  older  founts  were  called  "  Egyptian." 

Class.  A  grouping  of  subjects  which  have  characteristics 
in  common.     Cutter. 

Class  entry.  Registering  a  book  under  the  name  of  the 
class ;  in  the  subject  catalog  used  in  contradistinction 
to  specific  entry.     Cutter. 

Class  list.     See  Shelf  list. 

Class  number.  A  number,  letter  or  combination  of 
numbers,  letters  or  other  characters,  which  stands  for 
the  subject  of  a  book,  and  sometimes  indicates  the  loca- 
tion of  the  book  in  the  library. 

Classed  catalog.  A  catalog  made  by  class  entry,  whether 
the  classes  so  formed  are  arranged  logically,  as  in  the 
systematic  kind,  or  alphabetically,  as  in  the  alphabetico 
classed.     Cutter. 


46  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

Classification.     1  The  act  of  grouping  together  in  classes 

books  which  have  the  same  subject  or  form. 

2  The  scheme  on  which  the  classes  are  divided. 
Broad  classification.     Classifying  books  so  that  they 

are  grouped  by  large  classes  rather  than  by  minute  sub- 
divisions of  the  classes. 

Close  classification.     Bringing  together  all  the  books 

on  a  given  topic  by  subdividing  classes  as  closely  as 

possible. 
Classify.     To  group  together  books  which  have  the  same 

subject ;  to  assign  numbers  indicating  the  class  of  a  book 

from  a  given  scheme  of  classification. 
Clerical  errors.     Mistakes  in  copying  MS. 
Cliche.     French  term  for  a  cast,  usually  applied  to  stereo 

or  electro  duplicates. 
Cole  size  card.     A  card  devised  by  Mr.  George  Watson 

Cole  for  ascertaining  the  size  of  a  book. 
Collate.     1  To  examine  a  book  to  see  that  all  the  pages, 

plates,  etc.,  are  there,  and  that  they  are  in  correct  order. 

In  book  binding  the  collating  follows  the  gathering  of 

the  sheets. 

2  To  collect,  compare  and  examine  critically  books 
and  manuscripts. 

3  To  run  through  the  sheets  of  a  book  to  see  if  the 
signatures  are  in  sequence. 

Collation.  A  term  used  to  cover  that  part  of  the  descrip- 
tion of  a  book  which  is  not  j)roperly  a  part  of  the  im- 
print: namely,  volumes,  pages,  illustrations,  maps,  plates, 
etc. 

Colon  abbreviations.  Abbreviations  of  the  most  com- 
mon forenames  made  by  using  the  initial,  followed  by 
a  colon  ;  thus  H  :  (Henry)  J :  (John),  etc, 

Colophon.  An  inscription  or  tail  piece,  usually  ft  print- 
er's imprint,  at  the  end  of  a  book. 


TERMS  47 

Compiler.  One  who  produces  a  literary  work  by  collect- 
ing and  putting  together  written  or  printed  materials 
from  various  sources. 

Copy  number  (or  Copy  letter).  A  figure  or  letter 
added  to  the  call  number  of  a  book  to  distinguish  dif- 
ferent copies  of  the  same  book  from  each  other. 

Corporate  entry.  The  entry  of  works  published  by  a 
government,  department,  congress,  council,  or  society 
under  the  body  publishing  them,  as  author. 

Cross  reference.  In  a  classed  catalog,  when  a  book  treats 
of  more  than  one  subject  or  may  be  useful  under  more 
than  one  class,  the  reference  made  under  any  subject 
other  than  the  main  class  is  called  cross  reference. 
(Corresponds  to  double  entry  in  dictionary  cataloging.) 
In  a  dictionary  catalog,  the  references  made  back  and 
forth  between  the  subjects,  to  bind  them  together  and 
give  a  complete  view  of  the  resources  of  the  library  on 
allied  subjects,  are  called  cross  references. 

Cut  edges.     A  book  which  has  been  cut  on  the  three  sides 

is  said  to  have  cut  edges. 
Cut-in  notes.     Side-notes  which  are  inserted  within  the 

text  at  the  side  instead  of  in  the  margin. 
Cutter  number.    The  number  obtained  from  the  Cutter  or 

Cutter-Sanborn  Author  tables,  and  used  with  the  initial 

letter  of  an  author's  surname  to  form  the  book  number. 

Decimal  classification.  A  system  for  classifying  books 
devised  by  Melvil  Dewey,  the  distinguishing  features 
of  whicli  are  the  grouping  and  numbering  of  the  heads 
by  the  common  arithmetical  figures  treated  decimally. 

Deckle.     The  raw  rough  edge  of  handmade  paper  is  thus 

termed. 
Delivery  station.     A  place  where  borrowers  of  a  public 

library  may  receive  and  return  books  without  going  to 


48  CATALOGING  FOB  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

the  main  library.  The  books  are  collected  and  sent 
to  the  main  library  with  the  borrowers'  orders  for  new 
books. 

Departmental  library.  1  A  type  of  library  in  which 
all  the  books  are  separated  into  distinct  libraries,  each 
of  which  covers  a  special  field,  contains  all  the  books 
in  the  library  on  that  subject,  and  has  a  separate  room 
with  a  special  library  and  catalog. 

2  In  university  and  college  libraries  apjjlied  to  a 
collection  of  books  kept  in  a  department  of  the  college 
not  in  the  main  librai-y  but  under  its  control. 

Depository.  Various  important  libraries  selected  by  the 
U.  S.  Government  to  receive,  store  and  keep  for  use 
the  government  publications,  are  called  "  government 
depositories." 

Depository  catalog.  Complete  author  catalog  of  the 
Library  of  Congress.  21  libraries  in  the  U.  S.  are  in 
receipt  of  depository  catalogs. 

Dewey  decimal  classification.  See  Decimal  classi- 
fication. 

Dictionary  catalog.  That  form  of  catalog  in  which  the 
headings  (author,  title,  subject  and  form)  are  arranged 
alphabetically ;  it  is  distinguished  from  other  alpha- 
betic catalogs  by  giving  specific  entry  in  all  cases. 

Double  entry  charging  system.  A  system  for  char- 
ging books  in  which  two  records  are  kept  at  tlie  library, 
one  of  the  books,  and  one  of  the  borrowers.  The  Bos- 
ton Athenaeum  is  an  example  of  this. 

Double  entry  (in  Dictionary  cataloging).  The  entry 
of  a  book  treating  of  more  than  one  subject  under 
each  distinct  subject. 

Dummy.  A  thin  board  on  which  a  label  is  pasted  indi- 
cating the  locality  of  a  book  kept  elsewhere  than  in  its 
regular  place. 


TERMS  49 

Dummy  copy.  A  copy  generally  made  up  of  blank 
leaves  to  represent  the  actual  bulk  of  a  work  not  quite 
complete. 

Duodecimo.  A  book  composed  of  sheets  folded  to  form 
12  leaves,  each  leaf  measuring  about  5^  inches  in  width 
by  7§  inches  in  height.  This  size  in  books  is  briefly 
indicated  by  12mo  or  D. 

Edition.  1  The  total  number  of  copies  of  a  book  or 
periodical  published  at  the  same  time. 

2  The  statement  in  the  title  or  in  the  imprint  of  the 
issue  to  which  any  given  copy  of  a  book  belongs,  as 
distinguished  by  number,  or  some  descriptive  word,  re- 
vised, enlarged,  etc.,  e.g.  Ed.  4,  Ed.  rev.,  Ed.  2  enl.,  etc. 

Editor.  One  who  superintends  or  prepares  a  book,  peri- 
odical, etc.,  for  publication. 

Elision  marks.  Three  dots,  thus  .  .  .  used  in  exact 
cataloging,  to  indicate  the  omission  of  one  or  more 
words  from  the  title. 

End  papers.  The  blank  leaves  placed  at  the  beginning 
or  end  of  a  book  in  binding.  Also  called  fly-leaves  or 
end  leaves. 

Entry.     Registry  of  a  book  in  the  catalog. 

Entry  word.     Tbe  first  word  under  which  the  book  is 

registered  in  tbe  catalog. 
Expansive  classification.     A  system  of   classification 

devised  by  C.  A.  Cutter. 
Face.     Tbe  entire  unbroken  front  of  shelving  on  one  side 

of  a  double  case  or  on  one  side  of  a  room  or  gallery. 

Detvei/. 
Facsimile.    An  exact  copy,  or  reproduction,  as  a  facsimile 

of  manuscript,  of  typography,  of  an   autograph,  etc. 

When  a  book  contains  facsimiles  the  fact  is  indicated 

in  tbe  collation  by  the  ahhTeyi&tion  Jucsim. 


50  CATALOGING  FOR   SMALL  LIBRARIES 

Finding  list.  A  condensed  catalog  of  the  books  in  a 
library,  omitting  descriptions  of  editions,  and  contain- 
ing usually  simply  author's  name,  brief  title  and  call 
number. 

First  word  entry.  Entry  made  from  the  first  word  of 
a  title  not  an  article. 

Fixed  location.  The  placing  of  books  on  shelves  where 
their  location. in  the  library  is  never  altered. 

Fly  title.     See  Half  title. 

Fold  symbol.  The  designation  of  the  size  of  a  book  by 
the  number  of  the  fold  of  the  paper,  as  4",  8^  etc. 

Folio.  1  A  sheet  of  paper  folded  in  two  leaves  only.  2  A 
book  or  periodical  composed  of  sheets  folded  but  once 
having  four  pages  to  the  sheet ;  hence,  a  book  of  the 
largest  size. 

Fore  edge.  The  outer  side  of  a  book  (distinct  from  the 
head  or  tail)  when  folded. 

Form.  In  classification  used  to  mean  the  grouping  of 
books  according  to  the  manner  or  form  in  which  they 
have  been  written  ;  e.g.  Essays,  Poetry,  etc. 

Form  entry.  Registry  under  the  name  of  the  kind  of 
literature  to  which  the  book  belongs.     Cutter. 

Format.  The  bibliographical  term  for  size  and  shape  of 
a  book. 

Fount.  This  term  is  applied  to  the  whole  number  of  let- 
ters constituting  a  complete  set  of  types  of  any  particu- 
lar class  of  face  or  body. 

Fractur.  A  German  expression  for  German  text  or  black- 
letter  characters. 

Free  access.      See  Open  shelf  system. 

Free  library.     See  Free  public  library. 

Free  public  library.  One  organized  under  state  laws, 
supported  in  part  at  least  by  local  taxation,  managed 


TERMS  61 

as  a  public  trust,  and  which  allows  the  free  circulation 
of  its  books  alike  to  every  resident  of  the  community. 

Full  binding.  A  binding  in  which  all  the  outside  of  the 
back  and  sides  is  of  one  piece  of  cloth  or  leather. 

General  cross  reference  card.    See  Cross  reference. 

Half  binding.     A  binding  in  which  the  back  and  corners 

are  covered  with  the  leather  or  material  mentioned,  and 

the  sides  with  paper  or  cloth. 
Half  title.     1  The    title  of  a  book    placed  on  the    leaf 

preceding  the  title-page,  usually  a  briefer  form  of  the 

title. 

2  A  brief  title  placed  on  a  separate  leaf,  dividing 

the  sections  of  a  work. 

Headband.  The  silk  or  cotton  ornament  placed  at  the 
head  and  tail  of  the  inner  back  of  a  book. 

Heading.  The  word  by  which  the  alphabetic  place  of  an 
entry  in  the  catalog  is  determined.     Cutter. 

Heads.  A  term  applied  to  the  margins  at  the  tops  of  the 
pages. 

Home  library.     See  Children's  home  library. 

Imprint.  Includes  merely  place,  publisher,  date,  size  and 
number  of  volumes,  but  is  often  used  to  cover  also 
number  of  pages,  illustrations,  maps,  engravings,  etc. 

Incunabula.     Books  printed  before  1500. 

Indent.  To  set  a  line  some  little  distance  back,  as  in  the 
case  of  a  fresh  paragraph. 

Independent.  In  cataloging,  when  two  books  are  bound 
together  as  one  volume,  each  having  a  distinct  pagina- 
tion and  title-page,  they  are  said  to  be  independent. 

Index.  An  alphabetical  list  of  topics  treated  in  a  book  or 
books,  showing  exactly  where  in  the  book  or  books  the 
subject  is  to  be  found. 

Indicator.    A  contrivance  used  in  English  libraries  for  dis- 


62  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

playing  by  means  of  numbers  differently  colored,  or 
numbered  spaces  left  blank,  shown  in  a  frame  facing 
the  public,  the  books  which  are  to  be  had  for  reading. 

Inferior  figures  and  letters.  Those  made  to  range  at 
the  bottom  of  letters,  thus : —  1 2  3  a  e  i  o  a 

Information  desk.  A  place  set  aside  in  a  library  where 
readers  may  find  some  one  to  assist  them  in  their  search 
for  information. 

Inter-branch  loan  system.  An  arrangement  by  which 
the  borrower  in  a  large  branch  system  may  obtain  from 
his  branch,  within  a  specified  time,  the  book  wanted, 
no  matter  in  which  branch  it  is  contained. 

Inter-library  loans.  An  arrangement  made  between 
libraries  whereby  one  library  may  borrow  from  another 
library  books  which  are  difficult  to  obtain,  or  wanted 
for  some  special  purpose  by  a  responsible  borrower. 

Joint  author  card.  In  a  card  catalog,  applied  to  the  cards 
written  for  the  second  and  following  authors  of  a  book. 

Joint  authors.  A  book  written  by  two  or  more  authors 
conjointly  is  said  to  be  by  "joint  authors." 

Label.     See  Book  label. 

Large  paper  edition.  An  edition  of  a  book  printed  on 
paper  of  extra  size,  allowing  wide  margins ;  the  letter- 
press is  the  same  as  in  the  small  paper  edition. 

Leaded  matter.  Types  set  up  with  leads  between  the 
lines,  forming  spaces ;  used  in  contradistinction  to 
"  solid  "  matter. 

Ledger  system.  A  system  for  charging  books  in  which 
the  records  are  kept  in  a  book  instead  of  on  slips  or  cards. 

Lending   library.     See  Circulating  library. 

Letter  symbol  for  size  notation.  The  designation  of 
the  size  of  a  book  by  the  letter  of  the  size,  founded 
on  actual  measurement  (not  on  the  fold)  as  agreed 
upon  by  the  American  Library  Association. 


TERMS  53 

Letterpress.  Printed  matter  from  type,  as  distinct  from 
lithographic  or  plate  pi'inting. 

Librarian.  One  who  has  charge  of  the  books,  contents 
and  administration  of  a  library. 

Librarianship.     The  position  and  duties  of  a  librarian. 

Library.  1  A  collection  of  books  and  other  literary 
material  kept  for  reading,  study  and  consultation. 

2  A  place,  building,  room  or  rooms  set  apart  for 
the  keeping  and  use  of  a  collection  of  books,  etc. 

Library  economy.  The  practical  application  of  library 
science  to  the  founding,  organizing  and  administration 
of  libraries. 

Library  science.  The  science  relating  to  the  adminis- 
tration of  libraries :  library  economy  and  bibliogpraphy. 

List  price.  The  price  of  a  book  as  quoted  by  the  pub- 
lisher in  his  catalog. 

Loan  desk.     See  Charging  desk. 

Loan  system.     See  Charging  system. 

Lower  case  letters.  The  small  letters  as  used  here, 
a,  b,  c,  d,  etc. 

Main  entry.  The  principal  entry  of  a  book  in  the  catalog 
usually  giving  fuller  title  and  imprint  information  than 
other  entries  and  usually  the  author  card. 

Main  entry  word.  The  first  word  on  the  principal 
catalog  entry,  usually  the  author's  name. 

Mercantile  library.  A  subscription  library  established 
for  and  managed  by  the  mercantile  class. 

Movable  location.  The  position  of  books  in  a  library 
when  arranged  by  their  subjects  rather  than  by  a  fixed 
shelf  number,  the  relative  position  of  the  classes  remain- 
ing the  same,  while  the  actual  location  of  the  books  in 
the  library  is  movable. 


54  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

/ 

Name  reference.     See  Cross  reference. 

Net  price.  The  list  price  less  all  discounts;  a  book  is 
quoted  "net"  when  it  has  little  or  no  discount  to  the 
trade. 

Notation.  A  system  of  signs  (figures,  letters,  arbitrary 
characters,  or  any  combination  of  these  marks)  used  to 
designate  the  class  and  book  number  or  shelf  number 
of  the  volumes  of  a  library,  so  as  to  assist  in  finding  or 
replacing  them  accurately  and  quickly. 

Octavo.     A  book  composed  of  sheets  folded  to  form  8 

leaves,  measuring  about  6  inches  in  width  by  9^  inches 

in    height   (medium   8vo)    written    briefly   8vo    or  O. 

There  are  several  sizes  of  8vo :  demi  8vo,  royal  8vo, 

imperial  8vo,  etc. 
Off-set.     The  set-off  of  ink  from  one  sheet  to  another,  the 

result  of  insufficient  drying  or  bad  ink. 
Omission  marks.     See  Elision  marks. 
Open  shelf  system.     This  system  permits  free  access 

on  the  part  of  the  public  to  any  or  all  shelves  in  the 

library. 
Order  list.     The  record  kept  of  books  as  they  are  ordered. 
Out  of  print.     A  book  is  out  of  print  when  the  publislier 

has  no  more  copies  for  sale. 
Pagination.     System  of  signs  and  numbers  by  which  the 

consecutive  pages  of  a  book  are  marked,  also  the  state- 
ment of  them  in  the  collation. 
Paleography.     The  science  and  art  of  deciphering  ancient 

manuscripts  and  documents. 
Pamphlet.     A  printed  work  consisting  of  one  or  more 

sheets  of  paper  fastened  together,  but  not  bound.    Bis- 

coe. 

Partial  title.  An  entry  made  for  the  secondary  title  of 
a  book. 


TEBMS  66 

Preliminary.     Any  matter  coming  before  the  text  of  a 

work,  title,  preface,  contents,  etc. 
Proof.     A   trial   print   of   any  forms   of  type,  plates  or 

blocks. 
Proprietary  library.   A  library  that  is  owned  on  shares 

by  a  limited  number  of  stockholders. 
Pseudonym.     A  fictitious  name  assumed  by  a  writer. 
Public  documents.     1  One  of  the  regular  official  pub- 
lications of  a  government. 

2  All  publications  printed  by  order  of  Congress  or 

by  either  house  thereof. 
Public  library.     One  that  is  not  restricted  to  the  use  of 

any  class  of  persons  in  the    community ;  open  to  all, 

but  not  necessarily  free.     Often  used  with  the  same 

meaning  as  Free  public  library. 
Public  school  library.     A  library  which  is  under  the 

control  of  a  board  of  education  and  supported  by  money 

from  the  school  funds. 
Publisher's  price.     See  List  price. 
Pulls.     A  term  often  applied  to  proofs. 
Quarter  binding.     A  book  which  has  leather  or  cloth 

on  back  only,  not  on  corners. 
Quarto.     A  book  composed  of  sheets  folded  to  form  four 

leaves,  about  7  by  8 i  or  10  by  13  inches,  according  to 

present  usage,  the  name  being  understood  to  denote  a 

shape  approaching  the  square;  written  briefly  4to  or  Q. 
Quire.     Twenty-four  sheets.     Books  in  sheets,  that  is,  not 

bound,  are  said  to  be  in  quires. 
Quotes.     A  printer's  term  for  turned  commas   ('')   and 

aj)ostrophes  ("),  placed  respectively  at  the  beginning 

and  end  of  quoted  matter. 
Reader's  card.     See  Borrower's  card. 
Reading-list.     A  list  of  the  best  books  and  articles  on  a 


66  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

subject,  giving  suggestions  for  reading  and  study  de- 
signed to  help  the  special  student. 

Reading-room.  A  room  set  aside  for  reading  and  study, 
usually  provided  with  the  current  newspapers  and  pe- 
riodicals. 

Ream.  Twenty  quires.  A  printer's  ream  is  516  sheets; 
handmade  and  drawing  papers  sometimes  472,  480  or 
500  sheets. 

Recto.  The  page  to  the  right  hand  when  the  book  is 
open,  always  the  uneven  number. 

Reference.  An  entry  made  under  one  heading  to  direct 
attention  to  another  heading  is  called  a  reference. 

Reference  book.  1  Reference  book  proper,  to  be  con- 
sulted for  definite  points  of  information  (rather  than 
read  through)  and  arranged  with  explicit  reference  to 
ease  in  finding  specific  facts. 

2  Books  not  allowed  to  circulate,  but  kept  for  refer- 
ence only. 

3  Books  accessible  to  the  public.     Richardson. 
Reference  card.     See  Cross  reference. 

Reference  library.  A  library  where  the  books  may  not 
be  taken  from  the  building,  but  are  for  consultation 
only. 

Reference  list.  A  list  of  the  books  and  articles  on  some 
subject  referring  to  all  the  available  reading  matter  on 
it  in  the  library,  usually  subdivided  by  topics  so  as  to 
make  it  more  useful. 

Reference  work.  That  branch  of  the  library's  admin- 
istration which  includes  the  assistance  given  to  readers 
in  their  search  for  information  on  various  subjects. 

Registration.  The  act  of  recording  in  a  register  the 
names  of  the  borrowers  of  the  library. 

Registration  book  or  borrower's  register.    A  list 


TEEMS  67 

of  all  borrowers  kept  in  the  order  of  their  application 
by  numbers  which  are  assigned  also  to  their  readers' 
cards. 

Relative  location.     See  Movable  location. 

Rubricated.     Printed  in  red  ink. 

Rudolph  continuous  indexer.  A  cabinet  for  storing 
the  entries  of  a  catalog  for  the  use  of  the  public,  in 
which  the  entries  are  inserted  in  a  series  of  leaves  of 
press  board  which  revolve  around  a  pair  of  hexagonal 
drums.    The  Newberry  Library  has  a  Rudolph  indexer. 

Running  title.  A  title  or  headline  repeated  at  the  head 
of  succeeding  pages,  throughout  a  book  or  chapter. 

Sale  duplicates.  The  extra  copies  of  volumes  which  a 
library  does  not  need  and  wishes  to  dispose  of  by  sale 
or  exchange. 

School  district  library.  A  library  administered  by 
school  officials  and  made  free  of  access  to  the  people 
of  the  community. 

**  See  also  "  reference.  In  a  dictionary  catalog,  when  a 
reference  is  made  connecting  two  headings,  both  in  use 
(for  instance,  from  one  subject  heading  to  another  or 
other  allied  headings),  tlie  words  "see  also  "  are  used. 
Such  a  reference  is  called  a  "  see  also  "  reference. 

*'  See  "  reference.  In  a  dictionary  catalog,  when  refer- 
ring from  a  heading  under  which  no  entries  are  to  be 
made  (for  instance,  a  reference  from  an  abandoned  sub- 
ject heading,  or  from  a  pseudonym  to  an  author's  real 
name),  the  word  "  see  "  alone  is  used.  Such  a  refer- 
ence is  called  a  "  see  "  reference. 

Section.     See  Signature. 

Serial.  A  publication  issued  at  regular  or  successive  inter- 
vals in  parts. 

Series.     1  A  number  of  volumes  issued  successively  by  » 


58  CATALOGING  FOR   SMALL  LIBRARIES 

publisher  in  uniform  style  with  a  collective  title  which 
usually  appears  at  the  head  of  the  title  page  or  on  the 
half  title. 

2  A  set  of  volumes  issued  successively  as  a  periodi- 
cal or  transactions  of  a  society,  numbered  separately 
to  distinguish  from  a  previously  issued  set. 

Series  entry.  Entry  made  under  their  collective  title  of 
a  number  of  separate  works  published  in  a  series. 

Series  note.  The  name  of  a  series  enclosed  in  paren- 
thesis placed  on  the  catalog  entry  after  the  imprint. 

Serif.  The  fine  line  on  the  top  and  bottom  of  a  letter,  as 
in  H.     Sanserif  thus  :   H . 

Set  off.  Where  the  ink  sets  off  from  one  sheet  to  an- 
other. 

Shelf  list.  A  brief  record  of  the  books  in  a  library  as 
they  stand  on  the  shelves.  The  shelf  list  thus  arranged 
forms  a  condensed  subject  catalog,  but  is  used  chiefly 
in  taking  the  inventory  of  a  library  at  stated  intervals. 
Sometimes  termed  Class  list. 

Shelf  list  sheets  or  Shelf  sheets.     The  sheets  on 

which  the  shelf  list  is  sometimes  made. 
Shoulder  notes.    Marginal  notes  placed  at  the  top  corner 

of  the  page. 

Signature.  1  One  of  the  folded,  printed  sheets  which 
forms  part  of  a  book.     Also  called  section. 

2  The  figure  or  letter  placed  by  the  printer  at  the 
bottom  of  the  first  page  of  each  section,  to  indicate  its 
order  to  the  binder ;  also  used  by  printers  to  identify 
any  particular  sheet. 

Single  entry  charging  system.  A  system  for  charg- 
ing books  in  whicth  but  one  record  is  kept  at  the  library, 
that  of  the  books.  The  Brooklyn  Public  Library  and 
Newark  Free  Public  Library  are  examples  of  this. 


TERMS  69 

Size  (of  book).  The  size  of  a  book  is  measured  by  its 
height ;  but  in  addition  to  that  measurement  it  is  called 
"  narrow  "  if  the  width  of  the  cover  is  less  than  |  of 
the  height ;  "  square  "  if  more  than  | ;  and  "  oblong  " 
if  the  width  of  the  cover  is  greater  than  the  height. 
The  Cole  size  card  or  a  centimeter  rule  is  used  for 
ascertaining  the  size  of  a  hook. 

Size  card.     See  Cole  size  card. 

Size  copy.     A  thickness  or  dummy  copy  (q.  v.). 

Size  notation.  The  designation  of  the  size  of  a  book  by 
means  of  the  number  of  the  fold,  the  letter  of  the  size, 
or  by  actual  measurement. 

Slips.  Applied  to  matter  not  made  up  into  pages,  but 
pulled  as  proofs  in  long  slips. 

Small  capitals.  The  smaller  capitals  (as  distinct  from 
the  full  capitals)  thus :  Stand.  Indicated  in  MS.  by 
two  strokes  =  underneath. 

Specific  cross-reference.  Reference  to  a  specific  book 
in  the  catalog. 

Specific  entry.  Registry  of  a  book  under  a  heading 
which  expresses  its  special  subject  as  distinguished  from 
entering  it  in  a  class  which  includes  that  subject.  Cut- 
ter. 

Stack.  A  series  of  double-faced  bookcases  grouped  in  one 
room,  usually  placed  as  close  together  as  possible  to 
allow  of  compact  storage  of  books.  The  stack  may 
be  of  one  or  more  stories  high,  as,  a  "  five-storied 
stack." 

Standing.  Type  not  distributed  after  printing  is  said  to 
be  "  standing." 

State  library.  A  library  supported  by  a  State  and 
located  at  the  capital  of  a  State  chiefly  for  the  use  of 
its  executive,  legislative  and  judicial  departments. 


60  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

Stereotypes.     Casts  of   pages  of   types,  etc.,  in  metal, 

either  by  "  plaster  "  or  "  paper  "  process. 
Subhead.     A  secondary  heading  used  to  subdivide  the 

entries  under  a  subject  heading,  e.g.  France,  Manners 

and  customs. 
Subject.     The  theme  or  themes  of  a  book. 
Subject-entry.     Registry  under   the   name  selected   by 

the  cataloger  to  indicate  the  subject.     Cutter. 
Subject-heading.     A  heading  under  which  are  entered 

all  the  books  relating  to  a  subject. 
Subject  reference.     See  Cross  reference. 
Subject-word  entry.    Entry  made  under  a  word  of  the 

title  which  indicates  the  subject  of  the  book.     Cutter. 
Subscription  library.     A  library  that  is  open  to  any 

one  on  payment  of  a  fee. 
Superior  letters  and  figures.     Small  letters  cast  at 

the  top  of  the  shoulder  of  type,  used  for  references  or 

abbreviations,  thus  :  ^"^  N°.  mor.*^  cf.^ 
Swash  letters.     Seventeenth  century  italic  capitals  with 

tails  and  flourishes. 
Systematic  catalog.     A  subject  catalog  made  by  class- 

enti'y  in  which  the  classes  are  arranged  in  logical  order 

according  to  some  system  of  classification. 
Syndetic.      Applied  to  that  kind  of  dictionary  catalog 

which  connects  its  entries  by  means  of  cross  refer- 
ences so  as  to  form  a  whole. 
Tails.     The  bottoms  or  tail  ends  of  pages. 
Three-quarter  binding.    A  binding  in  which  the  back 

and  corners  are  covered  with  the  leather,  or  materials 

mentioned,  of  extra  width. 

Tier.  A  row  of  shelves  placed  one  above  another  between 
two  uprights  and  reaching  from  the  floor  to  the  top  of 
shelving. 


TERMS  61 

Time  numbers.  A  series  of  book  numbers  designed  to 
preserve  the  arrangement  of  books  on  the  shelves  in 
chronologic  order  in  contradistinction  to  the  author  or 
alphabetic  order. 

Title.  In  the  broader  sense  includes  heading,  title  proper 
and  imprint ;  in  the  narrower,  it  is  the  name  of  the 
book  given  by  the  author  on  the  title-page,  omitting  the 
imprint,  but  including  names  of  editors,  translators, 
etc.     Cutter. 

Title-entry.  Entry  under  some  word  of  the  title,  usually 
the  first  word  not  an  article. 

Title-page.  The  page  at  the  front  of  a  book  or  printed 
work,  which  contains  its  full  title  and  usually  gives 
author's  name,  publisher,  place  and  date  of  publication. 

Tracing.  In  a  card  catalog,  the  method  of  indicating  on 
the  main  card  the  secondary  entries  made  for  any 
book.  Tracing  is  done  in  two  ways,  by  means  of 
underlining  on  the  face  of  the  card,  or  by  means  of 
notes  on  the  back. 

Transliteration.  The  representation  of  the  letters  or  ap- 
proximate sounds  of  a  language  having  a  peculiar 
alphabet  by  the  alphabetical  characters  of  another. 
Before  Russian  or  Greek  names  can  be  arranged  in  an 
English  catalog  they  must  be  expressed  in  Roman 
characters. 

Travelling  library.  A  collection  of  50  or  100  books 
which  may  be  lent  for  a  limited  period  to  responsible 
borrowers  on  payment  of  a  nominal  fee  to  cover  ex- 
penses of  transportation,  etc. 

Turned  commas.  Used  at  the  beginning  of  quoted 
matter,  thus  "  and  followed  at  the  end  by  ".  Some- 
times called  "  inverted  commas." 

Two-book  system.  A  system  by  which  a  library  per- 
mits two  books  to  be  drawn  at  a  time  or  on  different 


62  CATALOGING  FOR  SMALL  LIBRARIES 

days  if  the  reader  wishes,  usually  with  the  provision 
that  only  one  book  may  be  a  novel. 

Typography.  The  execution  of  printed  matter,  its  gen- 
eral appearance  and  arrangement. 

Uncut.  A  book  is  uncut  wlien  it  has  untrimraed  edges. 
If  the  edges  have  been  opened  witli  a  paper  knife  with- 
out trimming  the  margin,  it  is  said  to  be  opened,  but  is 
uncut. 

Uncut  edges.  Books  not  cut  down,  but  not  necessarily 
unopened. 

Unopened  edges.  Applied  to  books  the  edges  of  which 
have  not  been  opened. 

Vernacular.  The  language  or  mother  tongue  of  a  given 
country.  Names  given  in  the  vernacular  are  given  in 
the  form  customary  in  the  native  country  of  the  person. 

Verso.  The  obverse  or  back  of  a  leaf,  the  reverse  of 
"  recto."  The  page  to  the  left  hand  when  the  book  is 
open,  always  the  even  number. 

Wrong  fount.  Letters  of  a  different  character  or  series 
mixed  with  another  fount. 


973  Lossing,  B.  J. 

L88  Our  country.     3v.     1879  lc'77i- 

14850-2,  22146-8  (cop.  2)  23689-91  (cop.  3) 

O 


Shelf  list  card 


973 

Cooper,  0.  H.,  Estill,  H.  F,  and  Lemmon,  L.     | 

C77 

History  of  our  country.     1899  (c'95l. 

1957 

0 

2 

Shelf  list  card 

Thackeray,  W.  M. 
T363P  Pendennis.     2v.     [cl869.l 


Simple  author  card 


Pendennis.     Icl869.l 
T363P       Thackeray,  W.  M. 

4  Title  card 

63 


Mitchell,  S.  W. 
M682Ad  Adventures   of     Fran9ois    during    the 

French  revolution.     lcl889.i 

5  Simple  author  card 


Adventures     of    Fran9oi8    during    the 
M682Ad  French  revolution.     Icl899.1 

Mitchell,  S.  W. 

6       Illustrating  a  title  which  takes  up  more  than  one  line 
on  title  card. 


B        Irving,  W. 
W31818  Life  of  George  Washington.  8v.  [cl857.l 

r  Simple  author  card 


B  Washington,  G. 

W31818 

Irving,  W. 

Life  of  Geoi'ge  Washington.  8v.  (cl857.1 

8  Subject  card  for  individual  biography 


B  Franklin,  B. 

F831 

Franklin,  B. 

Autobiography ;  with  a  narrative  of  his 
public  life  and  services,  by  Rev.  H.  H.  Weld. 
1855  ic'48i. 

J  Subject  card  for  autobiography 

64 


8o8.8         Bartlett,  J      comp. 

B28  Familiar  quotations.     1899. 

10  Main  card  under  compiler 


808.8  Quotations. 

B28 

Bartlett,  J.    comp. 

Familiar  quotations.     1899. 
11  Subject  card 


808.8  Familiar  quotations.     1899. 

B28  Bartlett,  J.    comp. 

12  Title  card 


817  Clemens,  S.  L.  (Mark  Twain,  pseud.) 

C62T  Tramp  abroad.     1901  (cl879-99i. 

13     Author  card  for  work  of  a  pseudonymous  writer  entered 
under  the  real  name. 


I 

817  Europe.    Description  &  travel. 

C62T 

Clemens,  S.  L. 

Tramp  abroad.     1901  (cl879-99l. 

14  Subject  card 

66 


8i7  Satire  &  humor, 

C62T 

Clemens,  S.  L. 

Tramp  abroad.     1901  lcl879-99). 

15  Subject  card 


817  Tramp  abroad.     1901. 

C62T         Clemens,  S.  L. 

16  Title  card 


Twain,  Mark,     pseud.       see 
Clemens,  S.  L. 

17  Name  reference  from  pseudonym  to  real  name 


Eliot,  George,     (pseud,   of    Mrs   M-    A. 
E42D  (E.)  L.  Cross). 

Daniel  Deronda.     2v.     [cl876-^7.i 

18         Author  card  for  work  entered  under  the  pseudonym 


Daniel  Deronda.     (cl876-87.1 
E42D         Eliot,  George,     pseud. 

19  Title  card 


Cross,  Mrs  M.  A.  (E.)  L.     see 
Eliot,  George,     pseud. 

2C  Name  reference  from  real  name  to  pseudonym 

66 


Owen,  Mrs  M.  (du  P.)  Cunliffe- 
O973T  Tribulations  of  a  princess.     lcl902.J 

21     Author  card  for  work  published  anonymously  and  au- 
thorship discovered.     Illustrates  also  entry  for  compound 


'I'ribulations  of  a  princess.     Icl902.l 
O973T       Owen,  Mrs  M.  (du  P.)  Cunliffe-. 

22  Title  card 


Cunliffe-Owen,  Mrs.  M.  (du  P.)     see 
Owen,  Mrs  M.  (du  P.)  Cunliffe-. 

23     Name  reference  from  English  compound  name  to  the 
form  used 


G2182  Garden  of  a  commuter's  wife,  recorded 

by  the  gardener.     icl901.i 

24     Main  entry  for  a  work  published  anonymously,  authoi*- 
ship  undiscovered 


051 

Harper's  new  monthly  magazine. 

H29 

Library  has : 

V.  1-10,     June  1850-Mav  1855 

V.  18-20,     Dec.  1858-]\Iay  1860 

V.  23,     Jutie-Nov.  1861 

V.  25-tlate     June  1862-date 

25  Periodical  card 

67 


226  Bible. 

BsSAb  Acts  of  the  apostles ;  with  notes,  com- 

ments, maps,  and  illustrations,  by  L.  Abbott. 
1876. 

26  Main  entry  for  a  sacred  book 


226  Bible.    New  Testament.    Acts. 

BsSAb 

Bible. 

Acts  of  the  apostles  ;  with  notes,  com- 
ments, maps,  and  illustrations,  by  L.  Abbott. 
1876. 

27  Subject  card 


J  Arabian  nights. 

A658La  Arabian  nights  entertainments  ;  selected 

and  ed.  by  A.  Lang.     [cl898.l 

28  Main  entry  for  an  anonymous  classic 


J  Fairy  tales. 

A658La 

Arabian  nights. 

Arabian  nights  entertainments.    Icl898.1 

29  Subject  card 


J  Lang,  A.     ed. 

A658La     Arabian  nights. 

Arabian  nights  entertainments.    Icl898.l 

30  Editor  care 

68 


J 

398  Mabinogion. 

Mi  IK  Knightly   legends   of  Wales;   or,   The 

boy's  Mabinogion  ;  being  the  earliest  Welsh 
tales  of  King  Arthur  in  the  famous  red  book 
of  Hergest ;  ed.  for  boys  with  an  introd.  by 
S.  Lanier.     1884  ic'81-84i. 

Note  :    Same  book  pub.   under  title  Boy's 
Mabinogion. 

31     Main  entry  for  an  Anonymous  classic ;  also  Note  - 
indicating  partial  title 


J 

398  Arthurian  legends. 

MlIK 

Mabinogion. 

Knightly    legends    of     Wales.       1884 
[c'81-84i. 

32  Subject  card 


J 

398 

MlIK 

Folk-lore, 

Mabinogion. 

Knightly    legends    of     Wales.       1884 
lc'81-84i. 

33 

Subject  card 

J 

398  Knightly  legends  of  Wales.     1884. 

MiiK       Mabinogion. 

34  Title  card 

69 


J 

398  Boy's  Mabinogpon. 

Mi  IK        Mabinogion. 

Knightly  legends   of  Wales;    or,   The 
boy's  Mabinogion.     1884. 

35  Partial  title  card 


Stevenson,  R.  L.  B.  and  Osbourne,  L. 
S848E  Ebb-tide.     [cl894.i 

36      Main  card  for  a  work  written  conjointly  by  2  authors 


Ebb-tide.     icl894.i 

S848E 

Stevenson,  R.  L.  B.  and  Osbourne,  L, 

37 

Title  card 

Osbourne,  L.     joint  author,       see 
Stevenson,  R.  L.  B.  and  Osbourne,  L. 

38  Joint  author  reference 


973         Cooper,  O.  H.,  Estill,  H.  F.  and  Lemmon,  L. 
C77  History  of  our  country.     1899  (c'95i. 

39      Main  card  for  a  work  written  conjointly  by  3  authors 

70 


973  United  States.    History,     General. 

C77 

Cooper,  O.  H.,  Estill,  H.  F.  and  Lemmon,  L. 

History  of  our  country.     1899  (c'95i. 
40  Subject  card 


Estill,  H.  F.     joint  author,       see 
Cooper,  0.  H.,  Estill,  H.  F.  and  Lemmon,  L. 

41  Joint  author  reference 


Lemmon,  L.     joint  author,       see 
Cooper,  O.  H.,  Estill,  H.  F.  and  Lemmon,  L. 

42  Joint  author  reference 


Wiggin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)  (afterwards  Mrs 
W655A  Riggs),     and  others. 

Affair  at  the  inn.     lcl904.l 

43  Main  card  for  a  work  written  conjointly  by  more  than 
3  authors.  Illustrates  also  entry  under  author  who  changed 
her  name 


Affair  at  the  inn.     (cl904.1 

W655A 

Wiggin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)     and  others. 

44 

Title  card 

71 


Riggs,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)  W.       see 
Wiggin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.) 

45     Name  reference,  from  last  known  form  to  the   one 
used 


McAulay,  A.     joint  author,       see 
Wiggin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)   (afterwards  Mrs 
Riggs),     and  others. 

46  Joint  author  reference 


Findlater,  J.  H.     joint  author,       see 
Wiggin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)   (afterwards  Mrs 
Riggs),     and  others. 

47  Joint  author  reference 


Findlater,  M.     joint  author,       see 
Wiggin,  Mrs  K.  D.  (S.)  (afterwards  Mrs 
Riggs),     and  others. 

48  Joint  author  reference 


J  Sweetser,  K.  D.     comp. 

D548Te       Dickens,  C.  J.  H. 

Ten  girls  from  Dickens.     (cl902.l 

49  Compiler  card 

•      72 


832  Taylor,  B.     tr. 

G59T         Goethe,  J.  W.  von. 

Faust.     lcl870-99.l 

I 

60  Translator  card 


Dickens,  C.  J.  H. 
D548HP  Hard  times.     [cl878.l 

Bound  with  Pictures  from  Italy. 

51     Main  card  for  2  works  by  same  author  bound  in  one, 
requiring  analytics 


Hard  times.     [cl878.l 
D548HP    Dickens,  C.  J.  H. 

52  Title  card 


Dickens,  C.  J.  H. 
D548HP  Pictures  from  Italy,    (in  his  Hard  times. 

Icl878.l     p.  312.) 

53  Author  analytic 


Italy.    Description  &  travel. 
D548HP 

Dickens,  C.  J.  H. 

Pictures    from    Italy.      (in    his    Hard 
times.     icl878.i     p.  312.) 

64  Subject  analytic 

73 


Pictures  from  Italy. 

D548HP     Dickens,  C.  J.  H.         (in  his  Hard  times. 
icl878.i    p.  312.) 

65  Title  analytic 


520  Lockyer,  Sir  J.  N. 

L816  Astronomy.     1882. 

Bound  with  Physical  geography,  by  A. 
Geikie. 

56     Main  card  for  2  works  by  different  authors  bound  in 
one,  requiring  analytics 


520  Astronomy. 

L81G 

Lockyer,  Sir  J.  N. 
Astronomy.     1882. 

57  Subject  card 


520  Geikie,  Sir  A. 

L816  Physical  geography,    (in  Lockyer,  Sir 

J.  N.     Astronomy.     1882.) 

58  Author  analytic 


520  Physical  geography. 

L81G 

Geikie,  A. 

Physical  geography,    (in  Lockyer,  Sir 

J.  N.     Astronomy.     1882.) 

)9  Subject  analytic 

74 


Back  of  main  card  showing  tracing  for 
Lockyer,  Sir  J.  N.       ('~^ 

Astronomy.  ^^ 

Bound  with  Physical 
geography,  by  A.  Geikie. 

The  dots  under  Geikie  & 

Physical    geography,    indi-  Physical  geography, 
cate    that    they  are   to   be  Geikie,  A. 

analytic  entries  Astronomy. 


60 


326  Washington,  B.  T.     and  others. 

W31  Negro  problem ;  a  series  of  articles  by 

representative  American  negroes  of  to-day. 
1903. 

Contents : 

Industrial  education  for  the  negro,  by 
B.  T.  Washington  ;  The  Talented  tenth, 
by  W.  E.  B.  DuBois ;    The  Disfranchise- 


O 


continued  on  next  card 


g^        Joint-author  heading  which  requires  analytic  author  entries,  instead  of 
joint-author  references. 


326  2 

W31  ment  of  the  negro,  by  C.  W.  Chesnutt ; 

The  Negro  and  the  law,  by  W.  H.  Smith  ; 
The  Characteristics  of  the  negro  people, 
by  H.  T.  Kealing ;  Representative 
American  negroes,  by  P.  L.  Dunbar ; 
The  Negro's  place  in  American  life  at 
the  present  day,  by  T.  T.  Fortune. 

O 


62  Illustrates  the  use  of  an  additional  card 

76 


326  Negro, 

W31 

Washington,  B.  T.     and  others. 

Negro  problem ;  a  series  of  articles  by 

representative  American  negroes  of  to-day. 

1903. 

63  Subject  card 


326  Washington,  B.  T. 

W31  Industrial  education  for  the  negro,    (in 

Washingtsn,    B.  T.  and   others.     Negro 

problem.     1903.     p.  3.) 

64  Author  analytic 


326  Du  Bois,  W.  E.  B. 

W31  Talented    tenth,      (in    Washington, 

B.  T.  and  others.     Negro   problem.     1903. 

p.  40.) 

65  Author  analytic 


326 

Chesnutt,  C. 

W. 

W3I 

Disfranchisement 
Washington,   B.   T. 
problem.     1903.     p.  58 

of 

and 

•) 

the    negro,     (in 
others.     Negro 

66  Author  analytic 

76 


326  Smith,  W.  H. 

W31  Negro  and  the  law.    (in  Washington, 

B.  T.  and  others.     Negro  problem.     1903. 

p.  75.) 

67  Author  analytic 


790  Pole,  W.     and  others. 

P76  Handbook    of    games.     2v.     1890-91. 

(Library  of  sports  and  games.) 

Contents : 

V.  1  Table  games  :  Billiards,  by  A.  W.  Dray- 
son  ;  Chess,  by  R.  F.  Green. 

V.  2  Card  games  :  Whist,  by  W.  Pole ;  Solo- 
whist,  by  R.  F.  Green. 

gg      Joint-author  heading  which  requires  analytic  author  entries,  instead  of 
joint-author  references 


790  Games. 

P76 

Pole,  "W.     and  others. 

Handbook  of  games.     2v.     1890-91. 

69  Subject  card 


790  Handbook  of  games.     1890-91. 

P76  Pole,  W.     and  others. 

70  Title  card 

77 


790  Drayson,  A.  W. 

P76  Billiards,     (in    Pole,  W.   and   others. 

Handbook  of  games.     1890-91.     v.  1.  p.  5.) 

71  Author  analytic 


790  Billiards. 

P76 

Drayson,  A.  W. 

Billiards,      (in    Pole,  W.  and    others. 

Handbook  of  games.     1890-91.     v.  1.  p.  5.) 

72  Subject  analytic 


790  Green,  R.  F. 

P76  Chess.       (in    Pole,     W.     and     others. 

Handbook  of  games.    1890-91.   v.  1.  p.  75.) 

73  Author  analytic 


790  Chess. 

P76 

Green,  R.  F. 

Chess,     (in    Pole,     W.    and     others. 

Handbook  of  games.    1890-91.   v.  1.  p.  75.) 

74  Subject  analytic 


790  Pole,  W. 

P76  Whist.      (in    Pole,    W.    and    others. 

Handbook  of  games.     1890-91.    v.  2.  p.  7.) 

I 

75  Author  analytic 

78 


790 

Whist. 

P76 

Pole,  W. 

Whist     (see    Pole,    W.    and    others. 

Handbook  of  games.     1890-91.    v.  2.  p.  7.) 

76  Subject  analytic 


English  men  of  letters ;  ed.  by  J.  Morley. 

B  Dobson,  H.  A.  Samuel  Richardson.  1902. 

R525D 

B  Dowden,  E.     Southey.     n.  d. 

S727D 

B  Stephen,  L.     Alexander  Pope.     n.  d. 

P825S 

77  Series  card 


Morley,  J.     ed.       see 
English  men  of  letters. 

78  Reference  from  the  editor  of  a  series 


J  Henty,  G.  A. 

H527F  Fall  of  Sebastopol.     (cl890-98.i 

Note  :  Same  book  pub.  under  title  Jack  Archer. 

79  Note  on  main  card  indicating  changed  title 


J  Fall  of  Sebastopol.     Icl890-98.i 

H527F       Henty,  G.  A. 

Same  as  Jack  Archer. 
80  Note  on  title  card  indicating  changed  title 

79 


Jack  Archer,     see 
Henty,  G.  A. 

FaU  of  Sebastopol.    [cl890-98.i 

81  Changed  title  card 


Folk-lore y    see  also 
Fairy  tales 
Mythology 

82  Subject  cross  reference  card  —  a  "  see  also  "  reference, 
indicating  that  the  library  contains  material  on  subject  re- 
ferred from  as  well  as  on  subjects  referred  to 


LegendSj    see 
Folk-lore 

83  Subject  cross  reference  card  —  indicating  that  the 
library  has  entered  all  material  on  Legends  under  Folk- 
lore and  nothing  under  Legends 


888  Fables. 

A25 

Aesop. 

Fables.     1886. 

For  other  editions  of  this  work  see  the 
author  card,  under  "  Aesop." 

84  Subject  card 


Pauperism^     see  also  books  on 
shelves  in 
Class  339 

85     Subject  reference  card  referring  to  books  in  only  one 
class 

80 


Churchy  The,     see  also  books  on 
shelves  in 
Classes  260-269 
280-289 

86     Subject  reference  card  referring  to  books  in  more  than 
one  class 


Education^       see  also 
Academies  and  high  schools 
Business  education 
Child  study 

Colleges  and  universities 
Industrial  education 
Kindergarten 
Nature  study 
Psychology 
Public  schools 
Self-culture 
Woman  education 

87  "  See  also  "  subject  reference  card 


81 


INDEX 


Accession-book,  6. 

Accession  number,  16. 

Alphabetization,  see  Filing. 

American  catalog,  lU. 

A.  L.  A.  booklist,  16. 

A.  L.  A.  catalog,  16. 

A.  L.    A.  index  to  general  literature, 

20. 
A.  L.  A.  list  of  subject  headings,  18,  21, 

35. 
Analytics,  4,  10,  12,  15,  19,  2G. 
Annotation,  5,  15,  23. 
Anonymous  book,  9,  14,  17. 
Anonymous  classic,  9,  13. 
Article,  Initial,  see  Initial  article. 
Author  and  title  catalog,  7. 
Author  card,  9-16,  26. 
Author  heading,  see  Anonymous  classic. 

Author's  name,  10-12,  18,  22,  25,  32,  33. 
See  also  Initials. 

Bibliographical  and  typographical  terms, 

39-C2. 
Bibliography,  35-38 
Binder's  title,  17. 
Biogfraphy,  Collective,  15,  33. 
Biography,  Individual,  32, 33. 
Book  number,  see  Numbering. 

Cabinet  for  cards,  33. 

Call  number,  see  Numbering. 

Cards,  9,  34. 

Catch  title,  17. 

Clianged  title.  10,  15,  17. 

Cities,  subject  headings,  18. 

Class  number,  see  Numbering. 

Classics,  see  Anonymous  classic. 

Classification,  6,  33. 

Collective  biography,  see  Biography,  Col- 
lective. 

Commentator,  10. 

Compiler,  9,  10. 

Contents,  15. 

Copyright  date,  see  Date. 

Countries,  subject  headings,  18,  21. 

Cross  reference,  5,  10-12,  24, 25,  31,  33. 

Cumulative  index  to  periodicals,  20. 

Cutter-Sanbom  author  tables,  32,  35. 

Cutter's  Rules  for  a  dictionary  catalogue, 
27-32,35. 

Cutter's  Some  hints  on  subject  catalog- 
ing in  dictionary  style,  18. 


Date,  5,  13-15, 17,  22,  25. 

Description  and  travel,  subject  headings, 

14, 15,  18,  21. 
Dewey  Decimal  classification,  18,  22,  32, 

35. 
Dictionary  catalog,  7. 
Discarding  books,  16. 

Editor,  9,  10, 12, 13, 15. 
Essays,  15,  18,  20. 

Fiction,  5, 14, 17,  18,  32,  33. 

Filing,  24,  27-32. 

Free  access,  see  Open  shelf  system. 

Half  title,  17. 

History,  5,  14, 15,  18,  21. 

Illustrations,  5. 

Imprint,  5,  14,  15,  22,  24,  32. 

Indention,  13,  33. 

Initial  article-  14. 

Initials,  11,  12,  18,  22. 

Ink,  22,  33,  34. 

Insertions,  13-15. 

Joint  author  reference,  9,  10,  12,  13. 
Joint  authors,  12,  18. 
Juvenile  fiction,  32. 

Language  headings,  21,  22. 

Library    Bureau    cards    and    cabinets, 

33. 
Library  of  Congress  printed  cards,  32. 
Library  School  rules,  7,  35. 
Literature  headings,  21,  22. 

Main  card,  see  Author  card. 

Name,  see  Author's  name. 
N^me,  Assumed,  see  Pseudonym. 
Non-fiction,  14.  15,  32. 
Notes,  see  Annotations. 
Numbering,  16,  32,  33. 

Omissions,  10,  11,  14. 
Open  shelf  system,  5,  23. 

Partial  title,  10. 
Periodicals,  9,  13,  20. 
Plays,  17,  18. 
Poems,  17,  18. 
Poole's  index,  20. 


84 


INDEX 


Printed  cards,  see  Library  of  Congrew 

printed  cards. 
Paeudouym,  9-12,  17. 
Publication,  Date  of,  see  Date. 
Publisher's  weekly,  16,  37. 

References,  see  Cross  reference.  Joint 
author  reference,  Series  reference, 
Subject  reference,  Title  reference. 

Running  title,  17. 

Sacred  books,  9, 13. 

Sample  cards,  referred  to,  9,  10, 13,  10, 

17,  23,  24. 
Science,  copyright  dates,  14. 
"  See  also  "  reference,  23-25. 
"  See  "  reference,  24,  26. 
Sequels,  15. 
Series  card,  10,  26,  33. 
Series  note,  15. 
Series  reference,  25. 
Shelf  list,  6,  7, 16, 17. 


Short  stories,  15,  26,  27. 

States,  subject  lieadings,  18. 

Striking  title,  17. 

Subject  analytics,  see  Analytics. 

Subject  card,  5-9,  15,  16,  18-25,  33. 

Subject  catalog,  7. 

Subject  headings,  6-8,  18-22. 

See  also  A.  L.  A.  list  of  subject  headings. 
Subject  reference,  22, 23. 

Title,  9-11, 13-15,  17,  22,  26,  31,  32. 
Title  analytics,  see  Analytics. 
Title  card,  9,  16-18,  33. 
Title  reference,  17,  18. 
Tracings,  16. 
Translator,  10,  12,  13,  16. 
Travel,  see  Description  and  trsTeL 
Typewriter,  34. 

Underscoring,  33. 

Volumes,  6,  13, 14,  22. 


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